Question

Explain what is meant by a frameshift mutation. Explain what effect this can have on the resulting protein produced.

Place these steps in the proper order for the process of going from DNA to protein. 

• translation 

• RNA processing (addition of 'cup and poly A tail and splicing) 

• transcription 

• modification of protein (proper folding, etc.)

Answer 1

24. Frameshift Mutation: It is a type of genetic mutation. When insertion or deletion occur in the DNA sequence which shifts the way of reading of the sequence or the reading of sequence will be shifted. Frameshift Mutation occur when normal sequence of the codons is disturbed/disrupted by deletion or insertion of one or more nucleotides.

Effect of frameshift Mutation on the resulting protein produced: If one nucleotide is inserted or deleted from sequence, then all codons which are included will have disrupt reading frame. It will result in incorporation of many of the incorrect amino acids into protein. Thus, the frameshift mutation will result in the abnormal protein product which means protein with incorrect amino acid sequence that can either shorter or longer than normal protein. The protein produced will be non-functional.

25. The steps in order for the process going from DNA to protein.

1. Transcription

2. RNA processing (addition of 5' cap and poly A tail and splicing).

3. Translation

4. Modification of protein (proper folding etc.)

Explanation: It is the central dogma in molecular biology, where RNA is synthesized from DNA that is known is transcription, then the new RNA molecules get processed and protein synthesis occur which is known as translation. After this modification of the protein occur.