Question

Page Down D Name Section с Part III: Discussion 1. What was the main goal for this lab? 2. What is bacterial transformation? 3. How do genetic engineers use restriction enzymes? 4. How do genetic engineers use ligase enzymes? 5. Where can you find plasmid DNA? 6. In order for this experiment to be successful the E. coli cells must be competent. What does that mean? 7. What did you do to make the bacterial cells competent? Genetic Engineering of Bacteria 157

Answer 1

1. The main goal for this lab was to transform a bacteria with a plasmid DNA.

2. Bacterial transformation is the process by which naked DNA from the surrounding environment is taken up the bacteria and it expresses that gene in it. If the DNA or plasmid contains antibiotic resistance gene, then the bacteria will be resistant to that antibiotic.

3. Restriction enzymes are used by the genetic engineers to properly insert the gene of interest into the plasmid DNA by cutting it properly.

4. Ligase enzymes are used to join the DNA fragments together. Once the restricted fragments are mixed together, they attach at the complementary sites and the phosphodiester bonds between the two nucleotides on the same strand is created by this ligase enzyme.

5. Plasmid DNA can be found as an extra chromosomal element in the cytoplasm of the bacteria..

6. The meaning of competency is that the bacteria cell membrane is rigid and doesn't allow the DNA to be taken up the cell but once the membrane is made permeable then the DNA can enter the bacterial cell. This permeability of the bacterial cell membrane to the DNA is called as competent cells.

7. The MgCl2, CaCl2 and heat shock were given to the bacteria to make it competent.

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