Question

Please answer 1-5

When genes are moved from one organism to another for agricultural or biomedical reasons, this is referred to as: Select one: • a genetic engineering b. gene therapy . cclonal selection d therapeutic cloning During the initial infection by a virus, macrophages with antigen expressed on their surface secrete interleukin 1, trigering cells to activate T and B cell responses Select one a memory b helper T C. monocyte Od suppressor T Put the following stages of cellular respiration in order from start to finish? Select one a glycolysis, pyruvato oxidation Krebs cycle, electron transport chain ob glycolysis, Krebs cycle, pyruvate oxidation, electron transport chain glycolysis, electron transport chain, Krebs cycle, pyruvate oxidation od pyruvate oxidation, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transport chain

Answer 1

1.a. Genetic engineering.

When one gene is isolated from one organism trnasfered to agricultural or biochemical reason , the process is known as genetic engineering. Genetic engineering have a vital role in the field of agriculture, medicine, research and industries. Genetic engineering can be use in microorganisms, plants and animals.

2.b. helper T

During the viral infection , interleukin 1 secretion by macrophages , Tigger T helper cell to activate T cell and B cell for their immune response. Interleukin 1 stimutates the proliferation of CD 4 cells that is T helper cell which further activates B cell and T cells .

3 .a. The start to finish cellular responses are

Glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, kreb cycle and electron transport chain.

Glycolysis is the process where 6 carbon compound glucose is converted to pyruvate , a 3 carbon compound . Further pyrtovate is oxidised to acetyl co A , a 2 carbon compound. As pyruvate can not directly enter to mitochondria . Further process includes TCA or kreb cycle and electron transport chain. Final product of the cellular respiration is carbon dioxide , water and energy.

4.b. the genotypic ratio will be 1:2:1 .

When Cc is crossed with Cc , the progeny will be CC , Cc, Cc and cc. So the genotypic ratio will be 1:2:1 and phenotypic ratio 3:1.

5.c. Endoplasmic reticulum has the role in the synthesis of macromolecules and Golgi help in packing and distribution of proteins throughout the cell.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum has ribosome on their membrane for continuous Protein synthesis , Endoplasmic reticulum has the enzyme elongase which help to form macromolecules. Golgi is the post office of the cell which help to distribute proteins to their targeted cells.