Question

5 Mailings Review View Help Design Layout Search Experimental design and procedures: 1. Use the picture provided to count the number of yellow and purple corn kernels. You should count ALL of the kernels visible in the picture. Each kernel is a seed-seeds are baby plants. Therefore, each kernel represents an offspring of the plant cross. Enter these observed Values into Table 1. Page 6 3 f BE 2. Tally the total number of offspring that are yellow and purple by adding them together. This is the total Observed (O) value. Fill into Table 2

Answer 1

Answer-

According to the given question-

Here we have a condition, where a kernel seed has color characteristics such as purple color seed and yellow color seed, purple color seed is dominant over the yellow color seed.

Here the allele for purple color seed = P, and the allele for yellow color seed = p

When we make a cross between the two true-breeding parents, then in the F1 generation we get all the offspring with purple color seed.

The Genotype of Purple color kernel = PP

The genotype of yellow color kernel = pp

Cross between Purple PP $\times$ pp Yellow

	p	p
P	Pp (Purple color seed)	Pp (Purple color seed)
P	Pp (Purple color seed)	Pp (Purple color seed)

When we make a self cross between the offspring of the F1 generation , we get following the color of offspring-

Cross between (Purple offspring )Pp $\times$ Pp

	P	p
P	PP (Purple color seed)	Pp (Purple color seed)
p	Pp (Purple color seed)	pp (Yellow color seed)

Then in the F2 generation, we get-

Phenotype ratio-   Purple color seed:   Yellow color seed = 3 : 1

Genotype ratio = PP : Pp :pp = 1 : 2 :1 .

Here in the given image the - Observed frequency-

Offspring type	Observed number of individuals
purple kernel	77
yellow kernel	32
Total number of kernel = 77 + 32 = 109

But the expected number of kernel will be in the ratio of 3 : 1 following the mendal laws-

Thus the -

Number of purple kernel = 3 $\div$ 4 $\times$ 109 = 0.75 $\times$ 109 = 81.75

The number of yellow kernel = 1 $\div$ 4 $\times$ 109 = 0.25 $\times$ 109 = 27.25

Offspring type	Expected number of individuals
purple kernel	81.25
yellow kernel	27.25
Total number of kernel = 81.25 + 27.25 = 109

Chi-square characteristics-

Phenotype	Observed frequency (O)	Expected frequency (E)	O -E	(O - E)2	(O - E)2 $\div$ E
purple kernel	77	81.75	77 - 81.25 = - 4.25	22.5625	22.5625 $\div$ 81.25 = 0.2776
yellow kernel	32	27.25	32 - 27.25 = 4.75	22.5625	22.5625 $\div$ 27.25 = 0.8279
	Total = 109	Total = 109			X2 = 0.2776 + 0.8279 = 1.1055

Chi square characteristics X² = 1.1055

Degree of freedom = 2-1= 1

The critical value of X² for the probability of 0.05, at 0.05 degree of freedom = 3.841

The calculated value of chi-square < Critical value of chi-square, i.e. 1.1055 < 3.841 thus we accept the null hypothesis, and it follows the same pattern of inheritance as we predicted.