Question

1. All of the following are parts of the cellular respiration process EXCEPT

a. glycolysis

b. electron transport chain

c. Citric acid cycle

d. the light reactions

2. The area of the chloroplast that contains chlorophyll is called

a. thylakoid membrane

b. stroma

c. plasma membrane

d. inner membrane

3. Which of the following describes a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

a. Only mitosis includes interphase.

b. Meiosis occurs all the time and mitosis only occurs sometimes.

c. Meiosis only occurs in some types of cells.

d. Meiosis is important for growth of a fetus to an infant.

4. During DNA replication, how is the DNA copied?

a. The nucleotides are divided into groups of three letters after the start codon AUG

b. A bubble forms in the DNA and one side is used as a template to add complementary base pairs

c. The double helix separates and each side is copied by placing the same letters across on the new strand

d. The double helix separates and the base pairing rules are used to make the new sequences

5. An example of the effect of global climate change on a biotic factor would be:

a. Creating more areas susceptible to wildfires

b. Increasing the sea level in coastal areas

c. Altering body temperature regulation in cold-blooded species

d. Causing ice to melt

6. To determine the number of neutrons in an atom, you

a. Subtract the atomic number from the atomic mass

b. Use the atomic mass

c. Use the atomic number

d. Subtract the atomic mass from the atomic number

Answer 1

1- The correct option is d- Light reaction is the part of photosynthesis. This reaction include two separate pigment system i.e. PS 1 and PS 2. Light reaction depends on light to generate assimilatory power in Thylakoids. This power is used up for CO2 fixation that gives out carbohydrate in dark reaction.

Cellular respiration include glycolysis, electron transport system,citric acid cycle, in which respiratory substrates are oxidised step by step to release energy. This energy is stored as ATP. So, the option A,B and C are part of cellular respiration. hence, they are the incorrect options.

Glycolysis- This is the process which occurs in cytoplasm without any help of oxygen and liberation of CO2 to break down the glucose to pyruvate acid.

Citric acid cycle- It starts with formation of citric acid and acceptor molecule of acetyl coA that is O.A.A. This cycle happens in matrix of mitochondria.

Electron transport system- the system takes place in inner mitochondrial membrane.In this system electron is transferred through many electron carrier and create proton gradient. The proton is used to power the ATP synthase and it take up phosphate and add to ADP to form ATP.

2-Chlorophyll is a green colour pigment present in the chloroplast (specialized cell organelle of plant cell) of the cell of areal parts of the plants such as leaves ,tender stems,sepals etc. That has the capability to absorb the energy from sunlight which is required to carry out photosynthesis.

Right option is A - Area of chloroplast that contain chlorophyll is thylakoid membrane. Thylakoid is flattened, closed, ovoid sac .It absorbs the sunlight se hu to carry out photosynthesis. The Thylakoids of adjacent grana are interconnected by stroma lamella and Matrix of chloroplast is called stroma.

3- The correct option is C- the difference between mitosis and meiosis is that meiosis takes place only in some type of cells.

Mitosis- This type of cell division takes place in somatic cells. It is the division of parent cell in two identical daughter cells each having the same amount of DNA and same hereditary instructions.It occurs in the most of The cells of body except in cells of primary reproductive organs testis and ovary.

Meiosis- In this type of cell division there is reduction of chromosome number by half result in the formation of haploid daughter cells. It is confined to to certain cells. Only the cell of sexually reproducing organs undergoes meiosis and only special cells switch over mitosis to meiosis at a specific time of life cycle. The reproductive cells undergoes meiosis to form gametes.

4- The correct option is D-

Replication is process in which duplication of double standard DNA takes place by using existing DNA as a template to form new DNA strand. Double helix DNA separated by an enzyme known as helicase. DNA polymerase catalyse the growth of new strand after Initiation of replication by RNA primer in direction of 5' to 3'. Pairing of complement nucleotide bases to the DNA template is takes place to form new strand. When the new chain form this RNA primer is removed.