Question

Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves: Select one: O a. injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell. O b. adsorption to specific receptors. O c. replication of viral nucleic acid. O d. lysis of the host cell. e. assembly of viral components.

Answer 1

1. a. injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect only the bacteria and replicate inside the bacterial cell, often killing the bcteria. They infect the bacterial cell by first attaching themseleves to bacterial cell wall. The phage then injects its genetic material into the bacterial cell. Once insisde the bacterial cell the phage genome uses bacterial machinery to replicate phage genome and viral enzymes., thus multiple copies of phage are produced inside the bacterial cell. Once the replication produces ample viral progenies they are released out repturing the bacterial cell. This bacteriophage will not affect animals or human.

While animal viruses attaches to the receptors of the host cell and then enters into the host cell by endocytosis through membrane fusion and then replicate inside the cell.

2.c. errors in aseptic techniques

Surgery can often be definitive treatment to solve a health issue, but sometimes the operation can lead to new complications like an infection. This is called post operative infections.

Many factors can lead to post operative infections such as systemic factors based in the patient such as older age immune status, drugs administered can act as immunosuppresants . Some other factors are errors in aseptic techniques such as use of non sterilized surgery equipments, not disinfecting the skin of the patient prior to surgery, contaminated operation room floor and staffs using unsteralized masks, gowns,and gloves and   low suturing quality etc can lead to post operative infection. Prolonged surgery can also leads to infection if unsterile techniques prevails. Failure in Post operative care facilities can also lead to infections.