Question

6. Respiratory acidosis a. Is caused by hyperventilation b. Is caused by an increase in plasma Carbon Dioxide c. Causes a decrease in plasma bicarbonate d. Can be compensated quickly by the kidneys e. None of the above 7. Angiotensin II has a direct effect on the: a. Arterioles b. Cardiovascular Control Center c. Hypothalamus d. Adrenal Cortex e. All of the above 8. The control of Glomerular Filtration is accomplished PRIMARILY through: a. Regulation of changes in Cardiac Output b. Regulation of Blood Flow through the Renal Arterioles C. The concentration of proteins in the blood d. Regulation of blood flow through the vasa recta e. None of the above 9. Which of the following is secreted by the kidney? a. Angiotensin I b. Angiotensin II c. Renin d. All of the above e. None of the above

Answer 1

6. Is caused by increase in plasma carbondioxide.

Respiratory acidosis is a codition in which the blood become acidic due to the accumulation of CO2. This is caused when lung is unable to exchange and remove enough CO2 from the body and as a result pH of the blood decreases.

7. Adrenal cortex

Angiotensin 2 stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone,in to the blood stream. This aldosterone acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. This result in the reabsorption of water and water retension and this ultimately increases the blood pressure

8. Regulation of blood flow through renal arterioles

Constriction in the afferent renal arterioles going into the glomerulus and dilation of the efferent renal arterioles coming out of the glomerulus will decrease Glomerular filterate rate. The afferent renal arteriole brings blood to the glomerulus and  larger in diameter than the efferent renal arteriole. The efferent renal arteriole  carries blood away from the glomerulus.

9. Renin

Renin is a proteolytic enzyme released by the Kidney which cause an increase in blood pressure, leading to restoration of perfusion pressure in the kidneys. When there is low fluid volume moving through the nephrons of kidney, the kidney releases renin. Renin converts the angiotensinogen released by liver, Angiotensin 1. The angiotensin converting enzyme converts angiotensin1 to angiotensin2. Angiotensin 2 acts on arenal cortex to release aldosterone, which in turn act on the collecting ducts of nephrons in the kidney and make the nephrons to retain water. Due to water retension the blood pressure increases restoring the perfusion pressure in the kidney.