Question

to increase thirst 48) Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by A) causing the hypothalamus B) stimulating the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone C) stimulating the release of ADH D) all of these E) none of these which increases sodium absorption 49) When the kidney does not perform its filtration function, the person will develop A) septicemia B) bulimia C) uremia D) toxemia E) none of these 50) The major calyces feed into A) the minor calyces B) the pyramids C) the columns D) the papillary ducts E) the ureter Questions 51-55 are matching to the following choices. Each choice is used only once. A) pyelitis B) retrograde pyelonephritis C) glomerulonephritis D) cystitis E) increased production of ADH 51) autoimmune reaction to streptococcal antigen-antibody complex elimination 52) infection of the urinary bladder 53) kidney infection caused by a persistent bladder infection 54) caused by dehydration 55) primary kidney infection 56) At which point does filtrate become urine? A) in the collecting ducts B) in the loop of Henle C) in the papillary ducts D) in the efferent arterioles E) in the ureters 57) Peritubular capillaries arise from A) afferent arterioles B) efferent arterioles C) interlobular arterioles D) renal arteries E) the loop of Henle 58) The ascending limb of the loop of Henle feeds into the A) proximal convoluted tubule B) glomerulus C) Bowman's capsule D) distal convoluted tubule E) descending limb 59) The descending limb of the loop of Henle arises from the A) proximal convoluted tubule B) glomerulus C) Bowman's capsule D) distal convoluted tubule E) ascending limb 60) Wastes are excreted by the A) kidneys B) skin C) lungs D) GI tract E) all of these

Answer 1

48. All of the above. Angiotensin II is a potent peptide which is among the strongest vasoconstrictors in the body. It is responsible for increase in blood pressure. Due to its various mechanisms of action, it’s antagonists have been used in control of blood pressure.

49.Uremia. Uremia refers to the presence of excess urea which is a waste product in the blood. This is one of the features of kidney failure. If the kidneys( major waste eliminators) fail to act, the person will be unable to remove them. This can be fatal.

50. Ureter. The major calyces drain into the renal pelvis which further drain into the ureter.

51. Glomerulonephritis

52. Cystitis

53. Retrograde pyelonephritis

54. Increased production of ADH

55. Pyelitis

56. In the collecting ducts. They are the final destination of filtrate and later urine in the kidney. The ureters are only responsible for the transport of urine.

57. Efferent arterioles form the peritubular capillaries.

58. Distal convoluted tubule.

59. Proximal convoluted tubule.

60. All of these