Pyruvate kinase is subject to allosteric regulation. i) Describe the metabolic importance of regulating flux through...
Pyruvate kinase is subject to allosteric regulation.
i) Describe the metabolic importance of regulating flux through the
pyruvate kinase reaction. [5]
ii) Explain the advantage of activating pyruvate kinase with
fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. [5]
Homework Answers
Pyruvate kinase
Pyruvate kinasecatalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP in the final step of glycolysis.
Metabolic importance of regulating flux through the pyruvate kinase reaction.
The reaction of catalysis by pyruvate kinase is one of the three rate-affecting steps of glycolysis and is a highly energetically favorable and irreversible reaction. This step is highly regulated and is irreversible because pyruvate is a crucial intermediate for further metabolic pathways such as Krebs Cycle under aerobic conditions or Lactic Acid fermentation or alcoholic fermentation in anaerobic condition.
Allosteric regulation
The binding of an effector to a site on the protein other than the active site, causes a conformational change and alters the activity of that given enzyme.
Advantage of activating pyruvate kinase with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Pyruvate kinase has been found to be allosterically activated by Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) and it is alosterically deactivated by alanine and ATP.
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate is a glycolytic intermediate produced from the phosphorylation of fructose 6-phosphate in an earlier step in the glycolytic pathway itself. It provides feedforward stimulation as an intermediate present within the glycolytic pathway. Pyruvate kinase is most sensitive to the effects of FBP among its effectors.The higher the concentration of FBP, the greater will be the allosteric activation and hence activity of pyruvate kinase.
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Pyruvate kinase is subject to allosteric regulation.
i) Describe the metabolic importance of regulating flux through...
Can any one do 2 and 3 Pyruvate kinase is one of the irreversible steps of...
Can any one do 2 and 3
Pyruvate kinase is one of the irreversible steps of glycolysis. The human genome has four genes that encode different pyruvate kinases, including a muscle specific form and a liver specific form. The liver specific form differs from the muscle specific form since it has additional regulation through phosphorylation by protein kinase A and allosteric regulation by the amino acid alanine. A V. vs. [S] plot of liver pyruvate kinase is shown below. hi...
Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last reaction in the glycolytic pathway: phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP --> pyruvate...
Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last reaction in the glycolytic
pathway:
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP --> pyruvate + ATP
There are four different mammalian forms of pyruvate kinase. All
catalyze the same reaction, but they differ in their response to
the glycolytic metabolite fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F16BP).
The activity of two forms of pyruvate kinase was measured at
various concentrations of PEP, as shown below. Activity was
measured in the presence (blue circles) and absence (red circles)
of F16BP.
Pyruvate Kinase Form 1...
Identify: (a) one allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase and (b) one allosteric inhibitor of PK (2...
Identify: (a) one allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase and (b) one allosteric inhibitor of PK (2 points). Write a paragraph in which you discuss the importance of the pyruvate kinase reaction to the glycolytic pathway (5 points).
Pyruvate Kinase, an allosteric enzyme, accelerates the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. 1) Draw curves describing...
Pyruvate Kinase, an allosteric enzyme, accelerates the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. 1) Draw curves describing the way the speed of the reaction depends on the concentration of substrate, both in the presence of allosteric effectors (activating and inhibiting), and without effectors. 2) Explain the molecular mechanism by which each of the effectors influences the link between the activity of an enzyme and the concentration of the substrate, both according to the concerted model and the sequential model. 3) Does...
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic...
Describe “hub” molecules acetyl CoA and pyruvate that serve different pathways. Explain metabolic regulation favoring metabolic pathway choices leading to and from hub molecules. Describe how Citric Acid Cycle serves as a “hub “ pathway.
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD...
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD is a genetic metabolic disease that causes pyruvate kinase to be absent or greatly reduced. Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme in the 10th and final step of glycolysis. This means that pyruvate is not created To ensure that she can continue producing ATP, her diet should be fortified with which of the following macromolecule types? 1. Carbohydrates like glucose 2. Lipids like lard and...
please explain answer Regulation of Lactate dehydrogenase (same enzyme described above). Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH...
please explain answer
Regulation of Lactate dehydrogenase (same enzyme described above). Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) is a tetramer that can be regulated in several different ways. The crystal structure of the four subunits of lactate dehydrogenase is shown below. In the heart, lactose has a higher affinity for pyruvate than in the skeletal muscle. Analysis of LDH has identified that it is a substrate of FGFR tyrosine kinase, which results in an increase in the production of lactate. Some types of...
People with galactosemia display central nervous system abnormalities even if galactose 9 eliminated from the diet....
People with galactosemia display central nervous system abnormalities even if galactose 9 eliminated from the diet. The precise reason is not know. Suggest an explanationanner 5 Since PFK is the primary regulatory point of glycolysis, describe the metabolic importance of also regulating flux through the pyruvate kinase reaction. S ó Anlindividual has a genetic deficiency that prevents the production of hexokinase D. Ca Following a carbohydrate meal, would you expect blood glucose levels to be higher, lower or about normal?...
Subject: gene regulation We looked at two systems (NtrC and MerR) that regulate through allostery. a....
Subject: gene regulation We looked at two systems (NtrC and MerR) that regulate through allostery. a. Describe the NtrC system and explain how this is an example of alternative use of sigma factors. In what way does ?54 differ from ?70? What is the allosteric change that happens in this regulation?
match the following 1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to Fructose 6- phosphate through this enzyme _____...
match the following 1. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is converted to Fructose 6- phosphate through this enzyme _____ 2. Synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors _____ 3. Stage in which two molecules of ATP are consumed _____ 4. This is formed from pyruvate in yeast and several other microorganisms through fermentation _____ 5. The isomerization of glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate is a coversion of an aldose into a …._____ 6. Pyruvate is converted by pyruvate carboxylase into this intermediate _____ 7....
Can any one do 2 and 3
Pyruvate kinase is one of the irreversible steps of glycolysis. The human genome has four genes that encode different pyruvate kinases, including a muscle specific form and a liver specific form. The liver specific form differs from the muscle specific form since it has additional regulation through phosphorylation by protein kinase A and allosteric regulation by the amino acid alanine. A V. vs. [S] plot of liver pyruvate kinase is shown below. hi...
Pyruvate kinase catalyzes the last reaction in the glycolytic
pathway:
phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + ADP --> pyruvate + ATP
There are four different mammalian forms of pyruvate kinase. All
catalyze the same reaction, but they differ in their response to
the glycolytic metabolite fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F16BP).
The activity of two forms of pyruvate kinase was measured at
various concentrations of PEP, as shown below. Activity was
measured in the presence (blue circles) and absence (red circles)
of F16BP.
Pyruvate Kinase Form 1...
Identify: (a) one allosteric activator of pyruvate kinase and (b) one allosteric inhibitor of PK (2 points). Write a paragraph in which you discuss the importance of the pyruvate kinase reaction to the glycolytic pathway (5 points).
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD is a genetic metabolic disease that causes pyruvate kinase to be absent or greatly reduced. Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme in the 10th and final step of glycolysis. This means that pyruvate is not created To ensure that she can continue producing ATP, her diet should be fortified with which of the following macromolecule types? 1. Carbohydrates like glucose 2. Lipids like lard and...
please explain answer
Regulation of Lactate dehydrogenase (same enzyme described above). Lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) is a tetramer that can be regulated in several different ways. The crystal structure of the four subunits of lactate dehydrogenase is shown below. In the heart, lactose has a higher affinity for pyruvate than in the skeletal muscle. Analysis of LDH has identified that it is a substrate of FGFR tyrosine kinase, which results in an increase in the production of lactate. Some types of...
People with galactosemia display central nervous system abnormalities even if galactose 9 eliminated from the diet. The precise reason is not know. Suggest an explanationanner 5 Since PFK is the primary regulatory point of glycolysis, describe the metabolic importance of also regulating flux through the pyruvate kinase reaction. S ó Anlindividual has a genetic deficiency that prevents the production of hexokinase D. Ca Following a carbohydrate meal, would you expect blood glucose levels to be higher, lower or about normal?...
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