Question

Is there is a certain part of the DNA that you'd like to modify for either the benefits of the offspring or locating a gene mutation and cutting it off, how do scientist create modifications to these certain parts of the DNA? Are there any drawbacks to this type of experiment if sought to modifying the human genome?

So like if they found the DNA that can be modified to increase an offspring's height growth, how would scientist modify the DNA to give this result?

Answer 1

Gene editing technologies have not become a full-fledged phenomenon in humans.
However, they are extensively used in both plant and animal model systems.

It is advisable to use this technology to treat diseases.
But, there are several ethical issues using it for other purposes.
For example, people may use this technology to get fair skin or longer feet etc..

Methodology:
For example, if a mutant allele is becoming homozygous in the offspring, scientists use multiple methods such as gene therapy or CRISPR-Cas to provide WT gene function.
CRISPR-Cas technology uses homologous recombination. It contains the gene of interest flanked by a homologous repeat sequence. The WT copy of the gene is exchanged with mutant copy by homologous recombination.