How is sucrose involve in the signaling pathway to modulate growth processes such as roots, germination...
How is sucrose involve in the signaling pathway to modulate growth processes such as roots, germination and flower establishment of plants ?
Homework Answers
Sucrose sensing has now been observed in plants in addition glucose sensing . Sucrose in plants has been shown to cause activation of pathways that triggers embryo development by expression GA-MYB gene expression induced through gibberelic acid that causes expression of alpha amylase that degrades starch in endosprem into simple sugars that helps in the seed germination by hydration of seeds. In Arabidopsis the sucrose signalling pathway has been shown to cause expression of floral meristem identity genes that change vegetative axis into floral axis thus establishing floral development in the plants.
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How is sucrose involve in the signaling pathway to modulate
growth processes such as roots, germination...
Cells use signaling pathways to regulate processes that promote or inhibit growth/proliferation. For each scenario, decide...
Cells use signaling pathways to regulate processes that promote or inhibit growth/proliferation. For each scenario, decide whether cell growth/proliferation would be promoted or inhibited. 1) AMPK is inactivated: 2) Rheb is in its GTP-bound state: 3) Akt phoshporylates the TSC complex: 4) p53 drives the expression of p21; 5) pRB gets phosphorylated: 6) Adenylate kinase generates AMP: 7) Enhanced insulin/IGF1 signaling: 8) Telomere attrition: Each option only choose either ""Promote"" or ""Inhibit""
Describe how a single protein in the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway possesses all the protein functions...
Describe how a single protein in the tyrosine kinase signaling pathway possesses all the protein functions that characterize signal transduction.
Classes 7-8 Cytoplasmic Growth Signaling Be able to describe Ras structure and function. What kind of...
Classes 7-8 Cytoplasmic Growth Signaling Be able to describe Ras structure and function. What kind of protein is it? How is it regulated (Fig. 5.30)? How many forms of Ras do humans express? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with multiple downstream partners. What mechanisms render ras oncogenic? Also, how does Ras become oncogenic in the absence of ras mutations? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with the growth factor receptor signaling machinery. How did fly genetics help...
How is signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases terminated? GTP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis receptor endocytosis Arrestins Pathway...
How is signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases terminated? GTP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis receptor endocytosis Arrestins Pathway crosstalk occurs when: signaling pathways use a common intermediate o signaling pathways split to produce multiple outcomes one signaling pathway triggers another signaling pathways produce the same outcome Eicosanoid hormones such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes are responsible for localized immune reactions such as to insect bites and hayfever symptoms. Which of the following best describes this level of cell signaling? Autocrine Endocrine o Holoerine...
Complete the following sentences to describe how seed germination can be adapted to environmental conditions. rainfall...
Complete the following sentences to describe how seed germination can be adapted to environmental conditions. rainfall For a seed to germinate, the embryo will need eaten water and soil However, some seeds also require specific to germinate water and oxygen to open and For example, some pines require release seeds promote Other plants require embryo growth to remove chemicals that cones inhibit or regurgitated to stimulate Some seeds even require being germination stimuli fire dormancy water stimulate Reset
1. How does a PTB domain differ from and SH2 domain? 2. Which signaling pathway evokes...
1. How does a PTB domain differ from and SH2 domain? 2. Which signaling pathway evokes most of the transformation phenotypes induced by the Ras oncoprotein? 3. Briefly explain how the AKT kinase gets recruited to the plasma membrane in response to PI3K signaling 4. How does the PTEN phosphatase negatively regulated AKT kinase?
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of the...
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
Problem Five One of the transducers in many growth factor signaling cascades is ras. a) How...
Problem Five One of the transducers in many growth factor signaling cascades is ras. a) How can mutations in ras (found in some types of cancers) contribute to transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell? b) Describe how ras plays a role in MAPK signaling pathways.
How are facilitated diffusion and diffusion similar? Both processes involve the movement of solute from an...
How are facilitated diffusion and diffusion similar?
Both processes involve the movement of solute from an area of
low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Both processes involve the movement of solute from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
In both kinds of movement across a cell membrane, proteins do
not play a role in assisting the passage of compounds and ions
through a membrane.
In both kinds of movement across a cell membrane,...
How can we assess whether a project is a success or a failure? This case presents...
How can we assess whether a project is a success or a
failure?
This case presents two phases of a large business transformation project involving the implementation of an ERP system with the aim of creating an integrated company. The case illustrates some of the challenges associated with integration. It also presents the obstacles facing companies that undertake projects involving large information technology projects. Bombardier and Its Environment Joseph-Armand Bombardier was 15 years old when he built his first snowmobile...
Classes 7-8 Cytoplasmic Growth Signaling Be able to describe Ras structure and function. What kind of protein is it? How is it regulated (Fig. 5.30)? How many forms of Ras do humans express? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with multiple downstream partners. What mechanisms render ras oncogenic? Also, how does Ras become oncogenic in the absence of ras mutations? Be able to describe how Ras interacts with the growth factor receptor signaling machinery. How did fly genetics help...
How is signaling from receptor tyrosine kinases terminated? GTP hydrolysis ATP hydrolysis receptor endocytosis Arrestins Pathway crosstalk occurs when: signaling pathways use a common intermediate o signaling pathways split to produce multiple outcomes one signaling pathway triggers another signaling pathways produce the same outcome Eicosanoid hormones such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes are responsible for localized immune reactions such as to insect bites and hayfever symptoms. Which of the following best describes this level of cell signaling? Autocrine Endocrine o Holoerine...
Complete the following sentences to describe how seed germination can be adapted to environmental conditions. rainfall For a seed to germinate, the embryo will need eaten water and soil However, some seeds also require specific to germinate water and oxygen to open and For example, some pines require release seeds promote Other plants require embryo growth to remove chemicals that cones inhibit or regurgitated to stimulate Some seeds even require being germination stimuli fire dormancy water stimulate Reset
2. The following is a description of a signaling pathway initiated by receptor tyrosine kinases. Ligand → RTK → Sos → Ras → Raf → MEK → ERK → Transcription factor → Cell growth A. (3pts) Which of these steps indicates the protein is activated after a GTP exchange step? B. (3pts) Which of these proteins can be deactivated by phosphatases? C. (4pts) Describe a mutation that would cause Ras to be permanently "on"? Would this mutation lead to high...
Problem Five One of the transducers in many growth factor signaling cascades is ras. a) How can mutations in ras (found in some types of cancers) contribute to transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell? b) Describe how ras plays a role in MAPK signaling pathways.
How are facilitated diffusion and diffusion similar?
Both processes involve the movement of solute from an area of
low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Both processes involve the movement of solute from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration.
In both kinds of movement across a cell membrane, proteins do
not play a role in assisting the passage of compounds and ions
through a membrane.
In both kinds of movement across a cell membrane,...
How can we assess whether a project is a success or a
failure?
This case presents two phases of a large business transformation project involving the implementation of an ERP system with the aim of creating an integrated company. The case illustrates some of the challenges associated with integration. It also presents the obstacles facing companies that undertake projects involving large information technology projects. Bombardier and Its Environment Joseph-Armand Bombardier was 15 years old when he built his first snowmobile...
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