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Part of the vulture's protection is a stomach that is >10x more acidic than most other...

Part of the vulture's protection is a stomach that is >10x more acidic than most other animals. The parietal cells of the stomach contain membrane "pumps" that transport hydrogen ions from the interior of the cell (pH=7.4) to the surrounding medium to make gastric juice (pH=0.9). The transmembrane potential between the interior of the cells and the lumen of the stomach is -75mV (inside of the cells is -75mV relative to the outside of the cells). Calculate the free energy (in KJ/mole H+) required to maintain this electrochemical gradient at 25C.

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