I have the first method complete, but I can't figure out the second method Could someone please show how to use the second method?
2. Find the unit step response of:
$$ \begin{aligned} \dot{\overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}}}(t) &=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0 & 1 \\ -2 & -2 \end{array}\right] \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}}(t)+\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] u(t) \\ y(t) &=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 2 & 3 \end{array}\right] \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}}(t) \end{aligned} $$
by two methods (1): transfer function and then (2) \(y(t)=\mathbf{C} e^{\mathbf{A} t} \overrightarrow{\mathbf{x}}(0)+\mathbf{C} \int_{0}^{t} e^{\mathbf{A}(t-\tau)} \mathbf{B} u(\tau) d \tau+\mathbf{D} u(t)\). Re-
member that the Laplace transform of the unit step is \(u(s)=\frac{1}{s}\).
I have the first method complete, but I can't figure out thesecond method. I have...
1. ( 8 points) An object moves though a vector field, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}(x, y)\), along a circular path, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{r}}(t)\), starting at \(P\) and ending at \(Q\) as shown in the graph below.(a) At the point \(R\) draw and label a tangent vector in the direction of \(d \overrightarrow{\mathbf{r}}\).(b) At the point \(R\) draw and label a vector in the direction of the vector filed, \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}}(R)\).(c) At the point \(R\) is \(\overrightarrow{\mathbf{F}} \cdot d \overrightarrow{\mathbf{r}}\) positive, negative, or zero? Circle the correct...
Problem2: Minimal Realizationsa: Find a minimal realization of the following system:$$ \begin{array}{l} \dot{x}(t)=\left[\begin{array}{cc} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -2 \end{array}\right] x(t)+\left[\begin{array}{l} 1 \\ 0 \end{array}\right] u(t) \\ y(t)=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \end{array}\right] x(t) \end{array} $$b: Check if the following realization is minimal:$$ \dot{x}(t)=\left[\begin{array}{cc} -1 & 1 \\ 0 & -2 \end{array}\right] x(t)+\left[\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] u(t) $$$$ y(t)=\left[\begin{array}{ll} 1 & 0 \end{array}\right] x(t) $$ci Consider a single-input, single-output system given by:$$ \begin{array}{l} \dot{x}(t)=\left[\begin{array}{cccc} -2 & 3 & 0...
5. If \(f(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0 & -2<x<0 \\ x & 0<x<2\end{array} \quad\right.\)is periodio of period 4 , and whose Fourier series is given by \(\frac{a_{0}}{2}+\sum_{n=1}^{2}\left[a_{n} \cos \left(\frac{n \pi}{2} x\right)+b_{n} \sin \left(\frac{n \pi}{2} x\right)\right], \quad\) find \(a_{n}\)A. \(\frac{2}{n^{2} \pi^{2}}\)B. \(\frac{(-1)^{n}-1}{n^{2} \pi^{2}}\)C. \(\frac{4}{n^{2} \pi^{2}}\)D. \(\frac{2}{n \pi}\)\(\mathbf{E}_{1} \frac{2\left((-1)^{n}-1\right)}{n^{2} \pi^{2}}\)F. \(\frac{4}{n \pi}\)6. Let \(f(x)-2 x-l\) on \([0,2]\). The Fourier sine series for \(f(x)\) is \(\sum_{w}^{n} b_{n} \sin \left(\frac{n \pi}{2} x\right)\), What is \(b, ?\)A. \(\frac{4}{3 \pi}\)B. \(\frac{2}{\pi}\)C. \(\frac{4}{\pi}\)D. \(\frac{-4}{3 \pi}\)E. \(\frac{-2}{\pi}\)F. \(\frac{-4}{\pi}\)7. Let \(f(x)\) be periodic...
Given an LTI system with$$ \begin{aligned} &A=\left(\begin{array}{cc} 1 / 2 & 0 \\ 0 & -1 / 4 \end{array}\right), B=\left(\begin{array}{l} 0 \\ 1 \end{array}\right), C=(1-1), \\ &D=0 \quad X(0)=\left(\begin{array}{l} -1 \\ -1 \end{array}\right), U(n)=(-1)^{n} u[n] \end{aligned} $$Calculate \(y[n], y[4]\) and \(y[\) Steady State \(]\)
(c) Let \(\mathbf{A}=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}1 & 1 & 1 \\ 2 & c & 0 \\ -2 & 1 & c\end{array}\right]\), where \(c\) is a real constant.(i) Use the adjoint method to find \(\mathbf{A}^{-1}\).(ii) \(\underline{\text { WITHOUT }}\) computing adj \(\left(\mathbf{A}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)\) or \((R+2) \operatorname{adj}\left(\mathbf{A}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)\), find \(\operatorname{det}\left((R+2) \operatorname{adj}\left(\mathbf{A}^{\mathrm{T}}\right)\right)\).(Note: The answers of (c)(i) and (ii) are in terms of \(c\).)
Defining the cross product The cross product of two nonzero vectors \(\vec{u}\) and \(\vec{v}\) is another vector \(\vec{u} \times \vec{v}\) with magnitude$$ |\vec{u} \times \vec{v}|=|\vec{u}||\vec{v}| \sin (\theta), $$where \(0 \leq \theta \leq \pi\) is the angle between the two vectors. The direction of \(\vec{u} \times \vec{v}\) is given by the right hand rule: when you put the vectors tail to tail and let the fingers of your right hand curl from \(\vec{u}\) to \(\vec{v}\) the direction of \(\vec{u} \times \vec{v}\)...
Let \(\left\{\varphi_{n}(x)\right\}\) be an orthogonal set of functions on \([a, b]\) such that \(\psi_{0}(x)=1\) and \(\varphi_{1}(x)=x\), Show that \(\int_{a}^{b}(\alpha x+\beta) \varphi_{n}(x) d x=0\) for \(n=2,3, \ldots\) and any constants \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\),First we note that \(\alpha x+\beta=(\square) \Phi_{1}(x)+(\square \quad) \Psi_{0}(x)\).Using this together with the fact that \(\varphi_{0}\) and \(\varphi_{1}\) are orthogonal to \(\varphi_{n}\) for \(n>1\), we have the following.$$ \begin{aligned} \int_{a}^{b}(\alpha x+\beta) \varphi_{n}(x) d x &=\int_{a}^{b} a x \psi_{n}(x) d x+\int_{a}^{b} \beta \varphi_{n}(x) d x \\ &=\int_{a}^{b}\left(\square_{0}\right) \varphi_{1}(x) \varphi_{n}(x) d...
Evaluate \(\int_{C} \mathrm{~F} \cdot d \mathbf{r}\) using the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals. Use a computer algebra system to verify your results.$$ \int_{C}[4(2 x+7 y) \mathbf{i}+14(2 x+7 y) \mathbf{j}] \cdot d \mathbf{r} $$C: smooth curve from \((-7,2)\) to \((3,2)\)Evaluate \(\int_{C} \mathrm{~F} \cdot d \mathbf{r}\) using the Fundamental Theorem of Line Integrals. Use a computer algebra system to verify your results.$$ \int_{C} \cos (x) \sin (y) d x+\sin (x) \cos (y) d y $$C: line segment from \((0,-\pi)\) to \(\left(\frac{3 \pi}{2},...
Consider the linear system \(A x=b\) where \(A=\left[\begin{array}{rr}2 & -1 \\ -1 & 2\end{array}\right], b=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 1\end{array}\right], x=\left[\begin{array}{l}1 \\ 1\end{array}\right]\).We showed in class, using the eigenvlaues and eigenvectors of the iteration matrix \(M_{G S}\), that for \(x^{(0)}=\left[\begin{array}{ll}0 & 0\end{array}\right]^{T}\) the error at the \(k^{t h}\) step of the Gauss-Seidel iteration is given by$$ e^{(k)}=\left(\frac{1}{4}\right)^{k}\left[\begin{array}{l} 2 \\ 1 \end{array}\right] $$for \(k \geq 1\). Following the same procedure, derive an analogous expression for the error in Jacobi's method for the same system.
Use the Laplace transform to solve the given system of differential equations.$$ \begin{aligned} &\frac{d x}{d t}=x-2 y \\ &\frac{d y}{d t}=5 x-y \\ &x(0)=-1, \quad y(0)=5 \end{aligned} $$