Question

1. Explain what Levinson means by “old media."
2. Identify and explain Levinson's five guiding principles of new new media.

"Social Media in Crisis Communication"

1. Discuss the different functions social media serve in people’s lives.
2. Describe the impact of mobile communication devices on social media.
3. What impact has social media had on journalism/the news media?
4. Based on the chart on page 15, identify and describe five ways in which social media are different than traditional media.
5. What does the term “citizen journalist” mean?

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Answer 1

1 )Old media by levinson means the communication done before 21st century, ie through radio, television, postal services, printing press.

2) 5 guiding principles of new media

1*.NUMERICAL REPRESENTATION

Because they are based on digital codes, new media texts are
numerical. Converting continuous data into a numerical
representation is called digitalization.

2*.MODULARITY

Different media - text, photographs, video, audio, etc. - can
function as separate objects or modules that
can be combined together in different ways without

3*.AUTOMATION

The production and combination of the modular parts is often
completed through the use of highly automated systems. Digital
photos can be automatically filtered to change their quality
through software programs.eg effects in movies

4*.VARIABILITY

The same new media texts can also be automatically created in different versions to suit individual users' needs. For example, hypermedia texts, which are created through linking together disparate texts, can be varied according to the different combination of links or pathways, resulting in different texts. Texts are also continually updated, creating new, more recent versions of texts.

5*.TRANSCODING

Refers to translating something into another format.

3 ) Different functions of social media are

Sharing-ideas and informations could be shared with the world, it can be done through pictures, videos, voice recording, etc

Learning-Learning-news, updates, are learned through social media

Marketing-Marketing-bussiness use social media to promote theri product, NGOs raise funds through social media

Interacting-Interacting-through watsapp video and audio call, Instagram video call, skype call, one can do face to face interaction

4 ) Most people access social media through mobile phones

Mobile phone is used to put story and status either as photos or videos in Instagram, watsapp etc.

Breaking news and updates are getting viral in social media before it's shown in news. Through media like Twitter people's intrest and the opinions are reached to higher officials.

Creative interactive videos and ad are shares through mobile to improve the marketing.

People are finding their partners also with the help of social media and mobile phone even when the bad side exists.

5) impact of social media on journalist

The major disadvantage of social media in journalism is the spread of fake news through watsapp, and Instagram. Major Political parties have seperate hub to create fake news and to get votes

Journalists have direct contact with the audience and they can tell the information and are fully responsible for the newses, rather than depending on the companies they're working

6) social media vs traditional media

Traditional media offers a wide audience, while social media is targeted audience

Social media is fast and east to circulate, while traditional media takes time for printing and circulating

once a story is published on a traditional form of media, it’s final, but in social media one can update the same

Social media is two way conversation, traditional media is one way.

7 ) Citizen journalism refers to the reporting of news or events by a citizen of the country ie members of the public using the Internet to spread the information. Citizen journalism can be a simple reporting of facts and news that is largely ignored by large media companies. It is easily spread through personal websites, blogs, or microblogs, social media and so on. It can be done by taking video of the incident eg video caught by phones in 9/11 attack or mumbai terror attack