for the three pathways for complement activation (alternative, lectin, and classical), which pathway is the least...
1. Which of the following complement activation pathways can be activated by antibodies? a. Lectin activation pathway b. Classical activation pathway c. Alternate activation pathway d. All of the above can be activated by antibodies. e. None of the above can be activated by antibodies. 2. Which of the following cells are leukocytes? a. NK cells b. neutrophils c. monocytes d. all of the above e, none of the above 3 Which of the following cells are lymphocytes? a. NK...
Describe in detail the complement system (Classical, alternative and Lectin/Mannan pathway); include opsonization, MAC and inflammation.
List and describe at least 5 different ways in which genetic diversity in immunoglobulins arise. Describe three ways in which complement acts to protect the host during infection. Identify specific molecules/ convertases and their contributions to the immune response. Complement activation can occur via the classical, alternative or lectin pathway. Identify which pathway you would expect to be activated in a patient that had a seasonal flu shot in October 2019. Streptococcus pneumoniae Influenza virus Escherichia coli Present a scenario...
The first layer of protection is: Antimicrobial peptides. Skin. Macrophages. B cells. Which complement pathway generates the membrane attack complex (MAC)? Lectin pathway. Classical pathway. Alternative pathway. All of the above. Antibodies function by: Neutralization. Opsonization. Complement activation. All of the above. The function of the variable region of the antibody is to: Signals through B cell receptor. Binds to antigens. Binds to Fc receptors. Both a and c. B cells develop in the: Blood. Bone. Thymus. Tissues. Compare and...
11. Which of the following complement pathways are activated by recognizing microbial products? a. Alternative and classical b. Lectin and classical c. Lectin and alternative d. All pathways; lectin, classical and alternative 12. True or False: Pathogen recognition receptors (PRR) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP). a. True b. False 13. Which of the following is NOT true about the interferon response? a. Activates innate immune cells b. Increases the expression of MHC class I and antigen presentation by APCs c....
4. Why are there THREE complement pathways i.e. if classical was absent, how would that affect the innate immune response, if alternative was absent, how would that affect the innate immune response, etc?
33.) Which of the following would be classified as barriers of the innate defenses? a.) activation of the complement system b.) release of histamine c.) washing action of tears, skin acidity, mucus, and saliva d.) inflammation 34.) What is the role of interferon in defense against disease? a.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by viruses b.) protects cells that have not yet been infected by bacteria c.) activates the complement mechanism d.) activates the inflammatory process 35.)...
which one is correct answer? QUESTION 36 12. What factor generated during the Classical pathway of Complement can activate the alternative pathway: Ocзь Oc4b o caa
This pathway to complement activation can be initiated by several different signals including the properdin/factor P activation pathway The classical pathway The alternative pathway Lectin pathway All of the above The mechanism that permits Ig to be synthesized in either a membrane-bound or secreted form is: Allelic exclusion Codominant expression The one-turn/two-turn joining rule Differential RNA processing Which of the following allows for recombination in the V(D)J coding regions? IL-2b TdT RAG-½ All of the above Generation of combinatorial diversity...
Based on your knowledge of complement activation pathways, predict which group of pathogens would be MOST susceptible to lysis by MACs. Gram-negative pathogens Enveloped viruses Gram-positive pathogens Gram-negative pathogens and enveloped viruses are equally susceptible. Gram-negative pathogens and enveloped viruses are equally susceptible. Every possible light chain that could be formed, in terms of receptor specificity, is encoded by a separate gene within the human genome. Light chains are produced by means of somatic rearrangement of germ-line DNA in B...