Question

In three paragraph please explain this question.

Why are proteins on the surface of cells so important? What roles do these proteins play?

Answer 1

Answer:

Why are proteins on the surface of cells so important. What roles do these proteins play?

There are diferent types of proteins that are present on the surface of cells and play different functions:

Membrane proteins present on the surface of the cells play an important role in relaying signals between cellular internal and external environments. Receptors and channel proteins present on the cell surface allows movement of specific molecules such as nutrients, ions, metabolic products etc. Cell surface membrane proteins may also act as surface markers and help in cellular identification and diagnostic testing. Membrane proteins also participate in facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Membrane protein Enzymes: Membrane enzymes play crucial functions and participate in catalysis of different types of reactions such as oxidoreduction, hydrolysis, proteolysis and transfer of functional groups. In some cases several enzymes are organized as a combined functional unit and perform sequential steps of a metabolic pathway.

Cell surface proteins also play other vital roles in cellular processes such as cell communication, signal transduction. In such cases, membrane proteins consists of binding sites that has a unique and specific shape. A chemical messanger molecule with shape that matches the binding sites pocket of the membrane protein then binds and causes a conformational change in the protein three dimensional structure. This process is used to relay the message to the inside of the cell.