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1. Explain why the replication machinery is incapable of completely replicating the ends of the chromosomes (4pt) What is the practical effect of this (4pt)? How do eukaryotic cells get around this problem (4pt)?
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1. The replication machinery could be synthesising the end chromosomes in the leading strand, but it would be synthesising the end chromosomes in the lagging strand. This is because, the lagging strand is synthesised in the form of Okazaki fragments, of which leaves a gap. Thus, the chromosome will not be replicated till the end.

As a result of this, when the prime gets removed, there would be a gap, that would not be filled by the DNA, resulting in 3’ over hangs in the ends of the chromosome. This results in the chromosomes becoming shorter with every cell division .

This problem is corrected by the eukaryotic cells by incorporation of the enzyme telomerase. Telomerase would be extending the chromosome ends by adding the repeated sequences in the form of telomeres. This would be protecting the important sequences of DNA from getting lost.

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