Question

5. Contrast innate immunity with acquired immunity. For each type of immunity indicate: Whether it attacks a specific antigen. Whether it needs to first be exposed to a pathogen to attack it. • Whether it can respond to intracellular threats, extracellular threats, or both. Which types of cells play a major role. • Which groups of molecules play a major role. (Hint: see page 756-757 under the heading "THE IMMUNE RESPONSE" for a definition and then look through the rest of the chapter for details.)

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Answer 1

5.) - Innate immunity doesn't attack specific antigen but acquired immunity does.

-No, innate immunity doesn't require this but acquired immunity does and on it's encounter the acquired immunity responds at low intensity.

-the innate immunity responds to both intracellular threats by cytokinins and extracellular threats by various means like macrophages, mucous, etc.

Acquired immunity also responds both threats,extracellular threats by humoral immunity and intracellular by cell mediated immunity.

- In acquired immunity the T cells( mediate cell mediated immunity) and B cell( mediate humoral immunity) are important.

In innate immunity the cells like natural killer cell, mast cell, eosinophil, basophil and macrophages like neutrophil, monocytes, etc are important.

- The innate immunity has PRRs(pattern recognition receptors) with four sub families-TLR, NLR, CLR and RHL. And Cytokinins are also important molecule of innate immunity.

The acquired immunity has immunoglobulin molecules (IgA, IgG, IgD, IgM and IgE) which are also known as antibodies.

3.) Cardiovascular response- the rate of baroreceptor firing decreases. This decrease trigger the sympathetic stimulation of heart, causing cardiac output to increase.

Behavioural response- the arterioles and veins become narrower and flow blood toward kidney decrease, these changes make blood pressure at adequate level.

Renal response- the kidney starts making less amount of urine.