Homework Answers
When two molecules of the same aldehyde or ketone containing α-H atom condense together in the presence of a dilute alkali to give a molecule of aldol or ketol is called aldol condensation.
Here in the product we can see the 2 double bonded O is on different sides of the OH or the site of aldol condensation.
This represents the alfa hydrogen of the pyruvate that is the hydrogen present in 1C isn't used as it will result in the double bonded O in one side. So from this we can infer the O used in the aldol is from the pyruvate and the H is from the acetyl CoA.
So the carbon atom joined are 2 in pyruvate and 4 in acetyl CoA.
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Pyruvate and acetyl CoA are joined together in the given biological aldol reaction to form citramalate....
art. VUL VE Select the partial mechanism below that correctly shows how pyruvate and acetyl CoA...
art. VUL VE Select the partial mechanism below that correctly shows how pyruvate and acetyl CoA are joined together in this reaction. I . LOON ONO SCOA SCOA Com AN O. -он -O SCOA To 22 SCOA noints oo -ОН H- SCOA SCOA -
4. (20 points) The reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 is the bridge reaction between...
4. (20 points) The reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 is the bridge reaction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The carbon atoms in pyruvate are numbered and where they end up in the products are indicated CO0Θ 2 C=O + HS-CoA 3 CH3 Pyruvate S-COA 2C=O 3 CH3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate dehydrogenase +1 CO2 a) Is C atom 1 in CO2 in a more reduced state or more oxidized state compared to its state in pyruvate? Why?...
not sure about reaction 3 and 4 acetyl-CoA COA The reactions of the citric acid cycle...
not sure about reaction 3 and 4
acetyl-CoA COA The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure Reactions 1, 3, and 4 are regulation points in the citric acid cycle. 1 citrate oxaloacetate 1 synthase citrate NADH + NAD malate dehydrogenase aconitase 2 malate Which of the molecules inhibits reaction 1? Isocitrate HO 17 fumarase NAD socitrate 3 dehydrogenase S D NADP ADP ОАТР O citrate synthase fumarate FADHI succinate co-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ci-ketoglutarate NAD dehydrogenase +...
Krebs cycle fill in the blank... In reaction 1 of the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA formed in...
Krebs cycle fill in the blank...
In reaction 1 of the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA formed in the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction condenses with the four-carbon compound to form with the elimination of coenzyme A. Since the product has three carboxyl groups, this pathway is referred to as the cycle. In reaction 2 of the Krebs cycle, this product then undergoes to form The enzyme is called aconitase because the compound cis-aconitate is a(n) of the reaction. Reaction 3 eliminates CO_2 to...
Acetyl COA + H2O Coo- o coo- Citrate synthase CH2 -OH -ooc— CH2 CH2 NADH +...
Acetyl COA + H2O Coo- o coo- Citrate synthase CH2 -OH -ooc— CH2 CH2 NADH + H+ COO- Oxaloacetate Coo- Citrate Aconitase Malate dehydrogenase NAD+ - Çoo- Çoo- ---OH -O00—-H HO-CH CH2 CH2 Coo- Malate Coo- Isocitrate Isocitrate lyase Malate synthase COO- COO- Coh CH2 Acetyl COA + H2O Ho Glyoxylate coo Succinate Figure 17.23 Biochemistry, Seventh Edition 2012 W. H. Freeman and Company Question 1 (10 pts) Using diagrams show the pathway that is used to convert succinate to...
Glycolysis is the first part of glucose' catabolic journey to complete oxidation. It is not until...
Glycolysis is the first part of glucose' catabolic journey to complete oxidation. It is not until pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is oxidized by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, that the first glucose carbons are oxidized to CO2. The overall PDH reaction is shown below. Identify the glucose carbon atoms that are removed in this reaction and the glucose atoms that are destined to become part of acetyl CoA. 0 0 C3, C4 →Ć Pyruvate dehydrogenase + NAD+ + COASH...
2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to form 3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal shown below. 2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to...
2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to form
3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal shown below.
2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to form 3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal shown below. o 10%NaOH 5°C HO Complete the mechanism for the reaction by adding missing atoms, bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows.
Be sure to answer all parts. Two steps in a synthesis of the analgesic ibuprofen include...
Be sure to answer all parts. Two steps in a synthesis of the analgesic ibuprofen include a carbonyl condensation reaction, followed by an alkylation reaction. Identify intermediates A and B in the synthesis of ibuprofen. OE! H₂O- [1] NaOE [2] (EO)2C=0 [1] NaOE [2] CH 1 draw structure ... draw structure Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. The following reaction has been reported in the chemical literature. Write the structure of the product(s) formed. KOH draw...
2. The figure below shows two possible methods for the production of acetyl CoA from acetate...
2. The figure below shows two possible methods for the
production of acetyl CoA from acetate as part of the biosynthesis
of fatty acids in the body. The first method is a direct reaction,
and the second method involves coupled reactions.
Direct Reaction
Coupled Reactions
Step 1
Step 2
a. The standard Gibbs free energy for the direct reaction,
ΔG°', is 32 kJ/mol. (Note that the prime symbol is used
for biological systems.) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction...
1. Which of the folowing statements about glucokinase and hexokinase (that catalyze the same reaction) is...
1. Which of the folowing statements about glucokinase and hexokinase (that catalyze the same reaction) is TRUE? A. Glucokinase has a higher capacity than hexokinase to convert glucose to glucose 6 phosphate B. Hexokinase is only active in the liver where it can utilize multiple hexoses C. While glucokinase requires ATP for its action, hexokinase requires GTP D. Glucokinase can act on multiple glucose-like sugars (such as galactose) E. Hexokinase has a higher Km and easily handles all the glucose...
art. VUL VE Select the partial mechanism below that correctly shows how pyruvate and acetyl CoA are joined together in this reaction. I . LOON ONO SCOA SCOA Com AN O. -он -O SCOA To 22 SCOA noints oo -ОН H- SCOA SCOA -
4. (20 points) The reaction of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and CO2 is the bridge reaction between glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. The carbon atoms in pyruvate are numbered and where they end up in the products are indicated CO0Θ 2 C=O + HS-CoA 3 CH3 Pyruvate S-COA 2C=O 3 CH3 Acetyl CoA Pyruvate dehydrogenase +1 CO2 a) Is C atom 1 in CO2 in a more reduced state or more oxidized state compared to its state in pyruvate? Why?...
not sure about reaction 3 and 4
acetyl-CoA COA The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure Reactions 1, 3, and 4 are regulation points in the citric acid cycle. 1 citrate oxaloacetate 1 synthase citrate NADH + NAD malate dehydrogenase aconitase 2 malate Which of the molecules inhibits reaction 1? Isocitrate HO 17 fumarase NAD socitrate 3 dehydrogenase S D NADP ADP ОАТР O citrate synthase fumarate FADHI succinate co-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase ci-ketoglutarate NAD dehydrogenase +...
Krebs cycle fill in the blank...
In reaction 1 of the Krebs cycle, acetyl-CoA formed in the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction condenses with the four-carbon compound to form with the elimination of coenzyme A. Since the product has three carboxyl groups, this pathway is referred to as the cycle. In reaction 2 of the Krebs cycle, this product then undergoes to form The enzyme is called aconitase because the compound cis-aconitate is a(n) of the reaction. Reaction 3 eliminates CO_2 to...
Acetyl COA + H2O Coo- o coo- Citrate synthase CH2 -OH -ooc— CH2 CH2 NADH + H+ COO- Oxaloacetate Coo- Citrate Aconitase Malate dehydrogenase NAD+ - Çoo- Çoo- ---OH -O00—-H HO-CH CH2 CH2 Coo- Malate Coo- Isocitrate Isocitrate lyase Malate synthase COO- COO- Coh CH2 Acetyl COA + H2O Ho Glyoxylate coo Succinate Figure 17.23 Biochemistry, Seventh Edition 2012 W. H. Freeman and Company Question 1 (10 pts) Using diagrams show the pathway that is used to convert succinate to...
Glycolysis is the first part of glucose' catabolic journey to complete oxidation. It is not until pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is oxidized by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, that the first glucose carbons are oxidized to CO2. The overall PDH reaction is shown below. Identify the glucose carbon atoms that are removed in this reaction and the glucose atoms that are destined to become part of acetyl CoA. 0 0 C3, C4 →Ć Pyruvate dehydrogenase + NAD+ + COASH...
2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to form
3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal shown below.
2-Phenylacetaldehyde undergoes an aldol reaction to form 3-hydroxy-2,4-diphenylbutanal shown below. o 10%NaOH 5°C HO Complete the mechanism for the reaction by adding missing atoms, bonds, charges, nonbonding electrons, and curved arrows.
Be sure to answer all parts. Two steps in a synthesis of the analgesic ibuprofen include a carbonyl condensation reaction, followed by an alkylation reaction. Identify intermediates A and B in the synthesis of ibuprofen. OE! H₂O- [1] NaOE [2] (EO)2C=0 [1] NaOE [2] CH 1 draw structure ... draw structure Click the "draw structure" button to launch the drawing utility. The following reaction has been reported in the chemical literature. Write the structure of the product(s) formed. KOH draw...
2. The figure below shows two possible methods for the
production of acetyl CoA from acetate as part of the biosynthesis
of fatty acids in the body. The first method is a direct reaction,
and the second method involves coupled reactions.
Direct Reaction
Coupled Reactions
Step 1
Step 2
a. The standard Gibbs free energy for the direct reaction,
ΔG°', is 32 kJ/mol. (Note that the prime symbol is used
for biological systems.) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction...
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