Question

b) Water "softeners" work via the principle of ion-exchange. The tank ork via the principle of ion-exchange. The tank of a water softener is filled with a soluble salt such as sodium chloride. As "hard" water passes through the tank, the . AS "hard" water passes through the tank, the undesirable ions in hard water (e.g., calcium, magnesium, and iron IIT) are exchanged for the more desirable "soft" (m 1) are exchanged for the more desirable "soft" (meaning more soluble) ions like sodium. Explain how swapping the "soft"-water sodium ions for hard-water Soft water sodium ions for "hard"-water ions would influence the behavior (the cleaning effectiveness) of soaps and detergents. Melting Point, 4. Examine and consider the melting point trends in the table of fatty acids below. #Cafom Common Name Formula 14 Myristic Acid CH (CH) -COOH 16 Palmitic Acid CH(CH). COOH 18 CH(CHCOOH 20 Arachidic Acid CH-(CH) COOH 16 Palmitoleic Acid CH (CH) CH-CH(CH) COOH 18 Oleic Acid - CH(CH, CHCHCHCOOH 18 Linoleic Acid CH (CH)-CH=CH-CH (CH OOH 18 Linolenic Acid CH.CH(CH-CHCH) CHCOOH 20 Arachidonic Acid CH (CH: CH-CH-CH (CH COOH 76 I 13 -5 11 30 a) Stearic acid and oleic acid both have 18 carbons, but stearic acid melts at 71 °C, while oleic acid melts at 13 °C. Explain the difference in the melting points of these acids. b) The melting points of the saturated fatty acids increase with increasing carbon chain length (about 6-10 °C for every two carbons added to the length of the fatty acid chain). Explain this trend.

Answer 1

s- Soops and detergents consist of Sodium Potensiom selt of fally acols Hard coter contains calcium and magnesiom ions. These ions form însoloble calcium and magnesium coops respectively cohen Sodium ox om of potassium soops are dissolved in hand water 2 G7 H35 COONa + Calle —> 2 Noll + (67 Hs coo), ca Insdoble Colom steosak (Soop) These insoluble scops separate as scom in water and esse usiless as cleansing agent Lohose as in soft there are not calcom of mognesom row hence ckanong fekveness of soaps and detergent does not get detoveated, with increase in too coobon chain the intermolecday inden forces încreases among the melecules Hence, it īnoxcases the amount of energy required to overcome this interactive london disperson forces for melting of compound melting point of the saturoded fatty adds incseases corth of the Hence melting point Coninckeasing cosbon chain length her witi CamScanner

a) Structure col Stearic Acid Shudure of Olere Aud Mp = 710 M.P = 13°C сооҢ COOLA CH3 - CH2) in cooh Hexe structure of Steere Aerd is lânear and symmetriced hence packing of molecules of stemme oud in selel stede o very compact so more energy is reqoised to separete stavie ood' mde ates from its solid state where as, due to presence of double bond olere aue has kink in its staveture so packing of melecks of steere add in solid stad B not compact as in case of stearic acid, so less energy is required break the stov dose in compenzon to stearic aud. clotenche mething, paint of stemwc oed is more then dec ood