Once DNA or a histone is methylated, can that methylation be reversed?
Homework Answers
Histone is a very common protein in eukaryotic cells. DNA is wrapped around this positively charged histone protein.
Methylation is a process by which DNA around histone is tightened or loosened. It is a relative process and depends where methylation is happening and how many methyl groups are added. Loosening or tightening of DNA makes the DNA transcription process faster or slower respectively.
Methylation is a REVERSIBLE process as an enzyme, Histone Demethylase was discovered which binds to histone at specific location and adds cofactors to remove methyl groups from amino acids.
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Once DNA or a histone is methylated, can that methylation be
reversed?
In contrast to histone acetylation, which always correlates with gene activation, histone methylation can lead to...
In contrast to histone acetylation, which always correlates with gene activation, histone methylation can lead to either transcriptional activation or repression. How do you suppose that the same modification - methylation - can mediate different biological outcomes? Explain what is meant when we say two DNA sequences are 'highly conserved'. Why are some sequences conserved and others aren't? In your own words, explain what is meant by "position effect". What is the molecular basis of this phenomenon?
5. What is the connection between DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and gene regulation in eukaryotes?
5. What is the connection between DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and gene regulation in eukaryotes?
What is DNA methylation? Describe how this mechanism regulates the expression of genes. What can happen...
What is DNA methylation? Describe how this mechanism regulates the expression of genes. What can happen when the DNA is hyper-methylated? Pick and describe a disease that results from DNA hyper-methylation.
You are interested in the interactions of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with nucleosomes. Using a DNA template...
You are interested in the interactions of histone deacetylase
(HDAC) with nucleosomes. Using a DNA template that is end labelled
with 32P and has two nucleosomes already bound to it, you perform a
gel-shift experiment with HDAC and the chromatin from above. You
also assemble chromatin with nucleosomes that have been methylated
at a particular amino acid residue of Histone H4. The results are
below. Based on the data, (A) explain the autoradiogram below –
what are all the bands?...
AS Part A Which of the following events occurs during DNA replication? All methylation of the...
AS Part A Which of the following events occurs during DNA replication? All methylation of the DNA is lost at the first round of replication Methylated DNA is copied in the cytoplasm, and unmethylated DNA is copied in the nucleus Methylation of the DNA is maintained because DNA polymerase directly incorporates methylated nucleotides into the new strand opposite any methylated nucleotides in the template. Methylation of the DNA is maintained because methylation enzymes act at DNA sites where ane strand...
ton is not an energy dependent process in (B)) Falls eukaryotes 43. Histone methylation is associated...
ton is not an energy dependent process in (B)) Falls eukaryotes 43. Histone methylation is associated with Falls gene activation gene silencing Following histones are required during transcription (A) H2A and 2B (B) H3 (C) H4 (D) All of the above (E) H2AZ (c) induction (D) All of the above (E) None of the above 35. 4. DNA methylation silences gene expression AD True (B) Fall Leucine residues in lucine zipper proteins provides h ydrophobic interaction for dimerization (A) True...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like a language or code in specifying alterations in chromatin structure. (Click to select) 2. Enzymes which acetylate the positively charged lysines within the core histone proteins. (Click to select) 3. Enzyme which attaches a methyl group to the number 5 position of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine. (Click to select) 4. Proteins which bind methylated sequences. (Click to select) 5. The methylation of DNA...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like a language or code in specifying alterations in chromatin structure. (Click to select) 2. Enzymes which acetylate the positively charged lysines within the core histone proteins. (Click to select) 3. Enzyme which attaches a methyl group to the number 5 position of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine. (Click to select) 4. Proteins which bind methylated sequences. (Click to select) 5. The methylation of DNA...
Alterations of chromatin of DNA structure that are stable and inheritable in offspring via DNA methylation...
Alterations of chromatin of DNA structure that are stable and inheritable in offspring via DNA methylation or alteration of histone proteins is referred to as _____ changes. A. epigenetic B. sensitivity C. mutational D. genetic
Which enzyme will reestablish the methylation pattern on a newly synthesized DNA Methyl Polymerase Maintenance metyltransferase...
Which enzyme will reestablish the methylation pattern on a newly synthesized DNA Methyl Polymerase Maintenance metyltransferase Methyl Ligase Histone decaetylases Histone Acetylases
In contrast to histone acetylation, which always correlates with gene activation, histone methylation can lead to either transcriptional activation or repression. How do you suppose that the same modification - methylation - can mediate different biological outcomes? Explain what is meant when we say two DNA sequences are 'highly conserved'. Why are some sequences conserved and others aren't? In your own words, explain what is meant by "position effect". What is the molecular basis of this phenomenon?
5. What is the connection between DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and gene regulation in eukaryotes?
You are interested in the interactions of histone deacetylase
(HDAC) with nucleosomes. Using a DNA template that is end labelled
with 32P and has two nucleosomes already bound to it, you perform a
gel-shift experiment with HDAC and the chromatin from above. You
also assemble chromatin with nucleosomes that have been methylated
at a particular amino acid residue of Histone H4. The results are
below. Based on the data, (A) explain the autoradiogram below –
what are all the bands?...
AS Part A Which of the following events occurs during DNA replication? All methylation of the DNA is lost at the first round of replication Methylated DNA is copied in the cytoplasm, and unmethylated DNA is copied in the nucleus Methylation of the DNA is maintained because DNA polymerase directly incorporates methylated nucleotides into the new strand opposite any methylated nucleotides in the template. Methylation of the DNA is maintained because methylation enzymes act at DNA sites where ane strand...
ton is not an energy dependent process in (B)) Falls eukaryotes 43. Histone methylation is associated with Falls gene activation gene silencing Following histones are required during transcription (A) H2A and 2B (B) H3 (C) H4 (D) All of the above (E) H2AZ (c) induction (D) All of the above (E) None of the above 35. 4. DNA methylation silences gene expression AD True (B) Fall Leucine residues in lucine zipper proteins provides h ydrophobic interaction for dimerization (A) True...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like a language or code in specifying alterations in chromatin structure. (Click to select) 2. Enzymes which acetylate the positively charged lysines within the core histone proteins. (Click to select) 3. Enzyme which attaches a methyl group to the number 5 position of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine. (Click to select) 4. Proteins which bind methylated sequences. (Click to select) 5. The methylation of DNA...
Match the terms with their appropriate definitions 1. The pattern of histone modification acts much like a language or code in specifying alterations in chromatin structure. (Click to select) 2. Enzymes which acetylate the positively charged lysines within the core histone proteins. (Click to select) 3. Enzyme which attaches a methyl group to the number 5 position of the cytosine base, forming 5-methylcytosine. (Click to select) 4. Proteins which bind methylated sequences. (Click to select) 5. The methylation of DNA...
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