Question

Answer the questions below from the presentation and use the information to study for your quiz

1. Viruses:

1. What are the 2 main components of a virus. ___________________________________
2. What additional structure do some viruses have? _______________________________
3. Which type of virus is the smallest? __________________________________________
4. Viruses are grouped according to their ____________ and ________________________
5. How do viruses replicate? __________________________________________________
6. Viruses that infect bacteria are called _________________________________________
7. Name 2 ways to prevent the spread of virus infections ___________________________
8. Who developed the earliest vaccine? _________________________________________
9. Which type of virus usually causes the common cold? ___________________________
10. When do viruses cause infections (Active or latent)? _____________________________
11. The type of virus that causes AIDS is called a ___________________________________

2. Bacteria

• Name the four stages of syphilis ____________________________________________

1. What domain/kingdom does bacteria fall under? ____________________________
2. Provide a brief description of the 7 major structures of a Bacterial Cell.
   1. Capsule ___________________________________________________________
   2. Cell Wall _________________________________________________________
   3. Ribosomes_________________________________________________________
   4. Nucleoid __________________________________________________________
   5. Flagella ___________________________________________________________
   6. Cytosol ________________________________________________________
   7. Pilli______________________________________________________________
3. What are the three shapes of bacteria?
   1. _____________________ b. __________________ c. ________________
4. What are the two types of bacteria (based on stain)?
   1. ______________________________ b. __________________________
5. What is an anaerobe? ___________________________________________________
6. What is an autotroph? ___________________________________________________
7. What is a chemotroph? ___________________________________________________
8. Bacteria reproduce by dividing into two organisms which is ______________________ and it is a type of ____________________ reproduction.
9. The exchange of genetic material is called ____________________________________
10. Loops of DNA are called ___________________________________________________
11. Ulcers are caused by _____________________________________________________
12. Leprosy is due to bacteria that decrease _____________________________________
13. Dental caries results in ___________________________________________________
14. One bacterial infection carried by ticks is _____________________________________
15. Tetanus is caused by _____________________________________________________
    17. What is antibiotic resistance? _______________________________________________
    18. What type of bacteria are used to clean up oil spills? ____________________________
    19. Name 4 beneficial uses for bacteria

3. Archaea

1. Name and describe 3 types of Archaea ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Protists

1. Protists belong to which Domain?_________________________________________
2. Name the 3 major types of Protists ________________________________________
3. Which protist has pseudopods? ___________________________________________
4. What organism causes amebic dysentery?___________________________________
5. Which type of protist secretes shells? ______________________________________
6. Which type of protist causes red tides? _____________________________________
7. Which organism causes sleeping sickness? __________________________________
8. Which organism causes genital infections? __________________________________
9. Which organism causes hikers diarrhea? __________________________________
10. Which group of protists have hair-like structures and are found in aquatic environments? ________________________________________________________
11. What 3 colors are most algae?
12. Kelp is what type of algae? _______________________________________________
13. A slime mold is what type of protist? ______________________________________
14. Water molds are found in what 2 places/conditions?

4. When viewing a specimen through a light microscope, scientists use _________ to distinguish the individual components of cells.

a. a beam of electrons

b. radioactive isotopes

c. special stains

d. high temperature

5. The ___________ is the basic unit of life.

a. organism

b. cell

c. tissue

d. organ

6. Which of these do all prokaryotes and eukaryotes share?

a. nuclear envelope

b. cell walls

c. organelles

d. plasma membrane

7. A typical prokaryotic cell __________________ compared to a eukaryotic cell.

a. is smaller in size by a factor of 100

b. is similar in size

c. is smaller in size by a factor of one million

d. is larger in size by a factor of 10

8. Which of the following is found both in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

a. nucleus

b. mitochondrion

c. vacuole

d. ribosome

9. Which of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

a. mitochondrion

b. Golgi apparatus

c. endoplasmic reticulum

d. lysosome

10. Which plasma membrane component can be either found on its surface or embedded in the membrane structure?

a. protein

b. cholesterol

c. carbohydrate

d. phospholipid

11. The tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _______?

a. phosphate groups; hydrophobic

b. fatty acid groups; hydrophilic

c. phosphate groups; hydrophilic

d. fatty acid groups; hydrophobic

12. Water moves via osmosis _________.

a. throughout the cytoplasm

b. from an area with a high concentration of other solutes to a lower one

c. from an area with a low concentration of solutes to an area with a higher one

d. from an area with a low concentration of water to one of higher concentration

13. The principal force driving movement in diffusion is __________.

a. temperature

b. particle size

c. concentration gradient

d. membrane surface area

14. Active transport must function continuously because __________.

a. plasma membranes wear out

b. cells must be in constant motion

c. facilitated transport opposes active transport

d. diffusion is constantly moving the solutes in the other direction

Answer 1

1) viruses :

a) nucleic acid genome and protein capsid

b) lipid envelope

c) paroviriudae group is the smallest one

d)viruses are classified according to their : morphology,genome,protein,carbohydrate,antigenic properties, biological preoperties,genome organization, replication.

viruses are also grouped according to their genetic materialas.

e)generally the virus replication take place by seven steps: absorptiopn, entry,uncoating,absorption,synthesis of virus components,virion assembly , release.

f) Bactriophage

g)viruses can be controlled by preventing entry into host and avoiding replication in host .

h) Edward jenner

i) rhinoviruses are responsible for common cold.

j) Active stage not in latent stage

k) HIV are responsible for AIDS

2) Bacteria:

four stages of syphills: primary,secondary,latent and teritary

bacteria belongs to kingdom Animalia

CAPSULE: third protective covering of bacteria known as capsule, made of polysaccharides.it helps from phagocytocis of bacteria

CELL WALL: rigid thich layer composed of peptodoglycon protein sugar layer , it provides shape to the bacteria and also protection fron environment.

RIBOSOMES:these are microscopic bodies found in eachb cells. it helps in transaltion of genetic codes and synthesis of proteins and aminoacids.

NUCLEOID:region of ctoplasma where chromosomal genes found it is naked .

FLAGELLA :whip like structure found in bacteria helps in locomotion, it is either found sinle or many in number.

CYTOSOL:place where all the organells are located

PILLI: small hair like projections helps in locomation . emerging from outside of cell membrane.

shapes of bacteria : round , oval , spherical( cocus, spiral, rod)

Based on strain bacteria are : Gram negative and gram positive

4)

a. ) a beam of electrons

5)

b cell

6)

b . cell wall

7)

a

8)

b mitochondria

9)

d lysosome

Anaerobe : organisms which do not depend or reqiue oxygen for thier survival

Autotroph: organisms or bacteria which can prepare their food by their own itself.

CHEMOTROPH: organisms which depend on others for their food