Gamow and his fellow scientists used a method called crypto analysis, known as neighbor distribution plots deployed of statistical analysis of known protein sequence experimentally.
Gamow and scientists used Brenner's table which shows neighbor distribution in a grid comprising of all 400 (20 * 20) possible amino acid pairs. So, Gamow said translation is just a cryptography problem.
- We have 4 nucleotides A,G,C, T.
We have 20 aminoacids to code for with 4 nucleotide combinations.
If we use 1 letter codons we could only code 4 amino acids following the rule 4n=41=4. (where 4= no. of nucleotides, n=no. of letters in codon).
If we use 2 letter codons we could only code 16 amino acids following the rule 42=16.
If we use 3 letter codons we could code for all the 20 amino acids. But according to the rule 4n=43=64. We could code for all amino acids where few codons code for a single aminoacid. Also, 20(no. of aminoacids)*3=60, which is nearer to 64 this happened because more than one codon codes for single aminoacid.
If we use 4 letter code we are produced with 256 nucleotide pairs according to rule 44=256.We cannot acommodate 20 amino acids in such a huge possible combination pairs of 256 codons.
Why do you think Gamow said that translation was just a cryptography problem? How many possible...
Problem How many four-letter code words are possible using the letters in IOWA if (a) The letters may not be repeated? (b) The letters may be repeated?
Can someone explain how you do this problem and the reason of why you did it that way? A couple is planning their wedding reception. The bride’s parents have given them a choice of four reception facilities, three caterers, five DJs, and two limo services. If the couple randomly selects one reception facility, one caterer, one DJ, and one limo service, how many different outcomes are possible?
please explain answer to number 4 and 5 NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II - Song Titles Let's continue with our music analogy by reading a short gene, turning it into mRNA sequence (transcription), and then tuming the mRNA sequence into a protein (translation), which will give us a song title. This will be a small protein, which is often referred to as a "peptide." There are many peptides that are important in biological systems. Some...
This problem will require you to think about gene expression (transcription and translation) as well as energy metabolism. 1. Consider a yeast cell which wants to express a 900 bp gene. Assuming this gene has no introns, ignoring any 5’ or 3’ untranslated regions, and assuming a 100 bp poly-A tail, how many nucleotides are required to transcribe this gene? For simplicity’s sake, let’s assume all the nucleotides are ATP. 2. Based on what you know about translation, how many...
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Chapter 15: 1. What is the significance of the fact that many synonymous codons differ in the third nucleotide position? 2. Define the following terms as they apply to the genetic code: a. Reading frame b. Overlapping code C. Nonoverlapping code d. Initiation codon e. Termination codon f. Sense codon 8. Nonsense codon h. Universal code i. Nonuniversal code 3. What role do the initiation factors play in protein synthesis? 4. Compare and contrast the process of protein synthesis in...
Thank you angels its an example problem 4.2 Binomial distribution The genome of the HIV-1 virus, like any genome, is a string of "letters" (basepai an "alphabet"containing only four letters. The message for HIV is rather rs) in short, just 101 letters in all. Because any of the letters can mutat choices, there's a total of 30 000 possible distinct one-letter mutations. e to any of the three other In 1995, A. Perelson and D. Ho found that every day...
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Problems 1) Look at the structure of the natural amino acids (look them up). What do the 8 primordial amino acids have in common (generally)? What do you notice about the ones with 2 or fewer codons? 2) Calculate the actual information content per amino acid of protein translation by using the genetic code and the fact that in nature, the frequency of U and C is 22%, A is 30% and G is 26%. Finally, since 3 of 64...