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In a DNA macromolecule, which of the following determines the characteristics of every living thing? 1....

In a DNA macromolecule, which of the following determines the characteristics of every living thing?
1. Sugars
2. Phosphates
3. Bases
4. Bonds between different atoms
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Answer #1

(CORRECT ANSWER) (OPTION 3)

(EXPLANATION FOR CORRECT ANSWER)

DNA OR DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID IS A DOUBLE STRANDED MOLECULE WHICH COMPRISES OF GENETIC INFORMATION. IT IS A POLYMER OF NUCLEOTIDES. EACH NUCLEOTIDE CONSISTS OF -

i. PHOSPHATE GROUP

ii. SUGAR

iii. NITROGEN BASE

NITROGEN BASE - THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF BASES - ADENINE, GUANINE, THYMINE, AND CYTOSINE. ADENINE AND GUANINE ARE PURINES(DOUBLE RING STRUCTURES). THYMINE AND CYTOSINE ARE PYRIMIDINES. (SINGLE RING STRUCTURES). IT IS THE ORDER OF THESE BASES THAT DETERMINE THE GENETIC CODE.

SUGAR IN DNA IS DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR

DNA WAS FIRST OBSERVED IN 1869 BY A GERMAN BIOCHEMIST FREDRICK MEISCHER. IN 1953 JAMES WATSON, FRANCIS CRICK AND ROSALOND FRANKLIN DETERMIINED THE DOUBLE STRANDED STRUCTURE OF DNA. IT CONSISTS OF TWO STARNDS WITH ANTI-PARALLEL POLARITY. THE BACKBONE IS MADE UP OF ALTERNATING SUGAR AND PHOSPHATE GROUPS. THE SUGARS ARE JOINED TO PHOSPHATE GROUPS BY PHOSPHOESTER LINKAGES.

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