Question

7. (8 pts) Starting with glutamate, calculate the ATP expense/payout for (1) detoxifying the nitrogen through the urea cycle, (2) regenerating aspartic acid from the urea cycle products, and (3) the complete net oxidation of the alpha keto acid that results from the deamidation of glutamic acid. Please list each enzyme that is part of this calculation (no structures needed)

Answer 1

1. Ammonium ion on account as in excess in the body causes physiological problems.

Ammonium ion are detoxified in muscles and peripheral tissues.

Tissues dispose ammonium ion in non-toxic way and then it gets transport to liver.

$\alpha$-ketoglutarate, 2 molecules of ammonium ions are added and it is transported to liver as glutamine.

One ATP is wasted in this process.

NHut NHYT 2 - Ketoglutarale a → Glutamate - Glutamine ATP " ADP+P; dehydrogenase Glutamate glutamate ?

NHY (02+Nn4 /2rgh Amp Carbamoyl /N-acetyl y phosphata glutamate Synthalase I onihine ornithine (Qubamoyl Voronoa kanyolale Phosphan RMy APPtP; arginant at H2o N-2- now Argenine I cycle Wint Argin ossetinate Arginosultinet fumar are тодом Дауi ogsouq appocrate MgATP My Popippi

L. Nhut +40o |+ 2ATP Carbamont Phospharet Kodbamoyl I mitochondrial Sepl Rearlands | Paoducts | Walysed by Locanon [phosphave mitochonchia 2ADP +P Synthetan I g Titulline tP; ornithine L. phospharet Hanscarbo mitochondria Ornithine myotan Giholline Aigino Sulcinate Arginosuccinct Aspararet ATP+AMP+ Pyropho le . Anginosucci | Argininet Arginosucci To nate I Fumadate nase seltsd cytoso) sphan synthetar I lytosol Toanithine & Uica Afginage cytosol

The above data shows the enzymes used during the urea cycle.