Question

1) This question is based on a National Vital Statistics Report from 2002 on infant mortality statistics from the linked birth/Infant death data file by a variety of maternal and infant characteristics Use Table 1 to answer the following: a) (2 points) Define infant mortality. b) (2 points) What is the total infant mortality rate for all races combined (looking for a single number, not one number for each race)? c) (4 points) How would you describe the differences in total infant mortality by race? d) For "all races" combined (not broken down by race of mother), describe the differences in infant mortality by... (4 points) Trimester of pregnancy prenatal care began: (4 points) Age of mother: (4 points) Educational attainment of mother: (4 points) Marital Status: e) (6 points) Given the patterns you just described in c) and d) above, what recommendations would you make to a public health program attempting to reduce infant mortality in terms of the target population and potentional interventions that would make a difference?

Answer 1

1 answer

a)infant mortality is the number of death of children under one year per 1000 lives. The infant mortality rate for a given area is calculated, the number of children dying by the number of live birth in that area multiplied by 1000.

b) The total infant mortality rate for all races compared to individual races is apparently less. it is 7 shows the average infant mortality rate is less.increased mortality rate in black and reduced rate in Asian gives a balanced rate in the total rate.

c)total mortality rates in black are high and in Asian it is less.

in African, it is 13.8 and in Asian or Pacific Islanders it is 4.8 it is due to lack of health facilities, poverty, and malnutrition in black and better medical care in Asians gives fewer numbers.

the infant mortality rate in black is 9 times higher than the Asian or pacific islanders.

it is one time higher in white compared to Asian and 4 times higher in American Indian

d) trimester of pregnancy prenatal care begins:-infant mortality is high in lack of getting no prenatal care.lack of prenatal care facilities available in hospitals is the main cause in increased rate in infant mortality.lack of regular check-up in the developing stage of baby and special attention time after the first trimester is the second level of increased number in infant mortality. the second trimester is the third number in higher infant mortality rate, where high risks in baby development.

age of mother:-high infant mortality rate is seen in mothers having ages under 20years and then it higher in the ages of 40-54 years. and less in number in the age of 30-34 years. it shows the women having the age of 25-39 is best of giving birth and less infant mortality.

educational attainment of mother:-low infant mortality seen in mothers having education 16 years and over.high in 9-11 years which shows improper or incomplete education in mothers.

marital status:- the high rate in infant mortality is seen in nonmarital than marital cases.it has a tremendous difference in number. unmarried couples lead their baby to abortion for their better future lives, increased abortion in non-marital cases

e)better medical care is important in which proper check-up and screening in order to identify child defects, abnormalities by prenatal and postnatal checkup. addressing baby weight, development, etc.

giving better care for mothers by giving nutrient foods, pure water, proper sanitation, etc

giving breast milk up to 2years instead of formula milk

no discrimination for education.giving better education

proper birth control measures in order to avoid abortion and giving gap between children

avoid bad habits in mothers like smoking drinking etc