Question

Choose the correct Answer.

1. What is the function of goblet cells in the respiratory tract?

1. These alveolar cells are thin and therefore function in gas transport.
2. These alveolar cells function in the production of surfactant production.
3. These cells are macrophages and therefore function in immune response/defense.
4. These ciliated cells are found in the bronchi and function to move mucus up the respiratory tract.
5. These cells are found in trachea and bronchi, and function in the production of mucus.

2. Which of the following statements regarding gas transport in the blood is true?

1. CO₂ is dissolved and transported in the plasma; O₂ is carried by hemoglobin of erythrocytes.
2. O₂ is converted to bicarbonate ion and transported in plasma; CO₂ binds to hemoglobin of erythrocytes.
3. CO₂ is converted to bicarbonate ion and transported in plasma; O₂ binds to hemoglobin of erythrocytes.

3. When the diaphragm contracts, the size of the thoracic cavity ________, the pressure inside the thoracic cavity ________, and air flows ________ the lungs.

1. decreases; drops; out of
2. increases; drops; out of
3. decreases; rises; into
4. increases; drops; into
5. increases; rises; into

4. Which pulmonary disease is characterized by a permanent enlargement of the alveoli?

1. Emphysema
2. Tuberculosis
3. Pneumonia
4. Lung cancer
5. Asthma

5. Put the following structures in order:

1. bronchiole
2. larynx
3. bronchi
4. respiratory bronchiole
5. trachea
6. alveoli
7. pharynx

1. 2-7-5-3-1-4-6
2. 7-2-5-3-1-4-6
3. 7-2-3-5-1-4-6

Answer 1

1) Goblet cells are epithelial cells it secretes mucous, to protect the respiratory tract, digestive tract. so the answer is These cells are found in trachea and bronchi, and function in the production of mucus.

2) oxygen binds to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells, carbon dioxide can also bind to the hemoglobin, the concentration of oxygen is high in the lungs then hemoglobin binds to oxygen in the peripheral tissue the concentration of carbon dioxide is high then hemoglobin binds to carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide can be converted to bicarbonate ion.

so the answer is c) CO2  is converted to bicarbonate ion and transported in plasma; O₂ binds to the hemoglobin of erythrocytes.

3) when the diaphragm contracts the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other so the pressure drops, air moves from high pressure to low pressure, once the pressure in the thoracic cavity decreases the air from outside moves into the lungs.

so the answer is increases; drops; into

4) Emphysema- is due to the permanent enlargement of the alveoli

Tuberculosis- is due to the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Pneumonia- is due to the infection on the lungs

Lung cancer- abnormal growth in the lungs

Asthma- difficulty to breath due to extra mucous production.

so the answer is Emphysema