Question

1) Answer the following questions regarding Photosynthesis: A) In your own words, describe the steps of the linear electron flow pathway of photosynthesis (3 pts). Answer: B) Compare and contrast the cyclic electron flow pathway and the linear electron flow pathway (2 pts). Answer: 2) Describe the following regarding bacterial and archacal membranes and cell wall structures and indicate which groups of organisms (phyla of bacteria or genera of archaea) each type of cell wall is found: A) The membrane and cell wall structures of Gram-negative bacteria (2 pts) Answer: Phyla: B) The membrane and cell wall structures of Gram-positive bacteria (2 pts). Answer: Phyla: C) The four types of cell walls found in Archaea that we covered in class (2 pts). Answer: Genera: 3) Describe the stages of the Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles and explain how the two cycles are different (5 pts). Answer: 4) Oxygen plays an important role in distinguishing the lifestyles of prokaryotes. Name and describe the five modes of growth bacteria can exhibit in response to oxygen (0.5 pts for each correct lifestyle and description). Provide a bacterial species as an example for each lifestyle and list which clade it belongs to (e.g. Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens is a Gram- positive bacteria - you won't get credit if you use this example. 0.5 pts for each correct example and clade) Answer: 5) Describe the four primary modes of metabolism (how organisms obtain carbon and energy) and provide a specific example of an organism that uses each mode (4 pts). Answer: 6) Based on what we have learned about what biologists consider life and your own personal opinions, answer the following question and explain your reasoning. Include examples/references where possible (references can include lecture notes, journal articles, opinion pieces, etc.). A) Are viruses alive (4 pts)? Answer:

Answer 1

1A) Steps in linear electron transport pathenay of pho dosynthes in Photos strikes the pigment in light harvesting complex in P TT and exates the electron in chlorophyll a ii) Exited electron goes in to the primary electron accepton, results in Pogot ) P680+ 16 EXTREMELY STRONG OXIDIZINC AGENT splids water aē, aht, o Photolysis This free ebctron is supplied to P680t -> P680 iv) Electron goes from frimary acceptor of Ps II down election transport chain to PSI ->PSI_ETC >-(BSP Chains made up of Pq) Plastoquinone, Cytochrome complex and Plasto cyanin. v) Exorganic fall of elections to a lower energy hord gives enough energy to make ATP, H creates a gradient for ATP synthese vi) PSI P700 chlorophyll electrons get excited and get picked up by the electros accepsor, proot can now accept the electrons from the chairs