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Which of the following molecules would require a transport protein to cross the membrane? A. Carbon...
1. When ATP is hydrolyzed in vitro (i.e. in a test tube) to form ADP and...
1. When ATP is hydrolyzed in vitro (i.e. in a test tube) to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, free energy is merely released as heat to the surroundings. In a cell this would be a wasteful use of energy and dangerous rising temperatures would lead to the denaturation of enzymes. How, then, do cells use the hydrolysis of ATP to perform cellular work? A complete response would include the following terms: energy coupling, endergonic/exergonic, phosphate transfer, and phosphorylated intermediate.
2. How is ATP used in most cell processes? a. It binds to a substrate and...
2. How is ATP used in most cell processes? a. It binds to a substrate and provides energy when the phosphate group is released. b. indirectly, by providing electrons to an acceptor c. Hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to an endergonic reaction. d. It increases the efficiency of some key enzymes. e. none of the above 2. How is ATP used in most cell processes? a. It binds to a substrate and provides energy when the phosphate group is released....
What is the critical difference between passive and active transport? A. passive requires energy but active...
What is the critical difference between passive and active transport? A. passive requires energy but active does not B. passive requires no energy, but active does C. passive and active each require energy, but passive requires less What is an enzyme? A. a protein that facilitates a reaction B. a protein that supplies water for hydrolysis reactions C. a protein that absorbs water during dehydration reactions The First Law of Thermodynamics states: A. energy can be changed from one form...
Thinking Through the Concepts Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes increase...
Thinking Through the Concepts Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes increase activation energy requirements. b. Activation energy is required to initiate exergonic reactions. Heat cannot supply activation energy. c. d. Stomach acid inactivates pepsin. 2. Which is not an example of an exergonic reaction? a. photosynthesis b. a nuclear reaction in the sun c. ATP → ADP + Pi d. glucose breakdown .3, which of the following is True? a. ATP is a long-term energy...
7) Why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily in solution than dehydration reactions? A) Hydrolysis reactions...
7) Why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily in solution than dehydration reactions? A) Hydrolysis reactions increase G, or Gibbs free energy of the system, B) Hydrolysis reactions are endergonic and increase entropy of the system. C) Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and decrease entropy of the system. D) Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and increase entropy of the system. 8) How do cells use the ATP cycle illustrated in the figure? AAA W A) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP...
The reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP is: ATP rightarrow ADP + Pi + 7.3kcal Is...
The reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP is: ATP rightarrow ADP + Pi + 7.3kcal Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction and why? Draw a reaction energy diagram for this reaction (do not need to include specific numbers) and label: X and Y axis, reactants, products, transition state, energy of activation. Draw an additional curve on your diagram above (use a dotted line or another color to distinguish) to indicate how the progress of reaction would be affected by...
1. In a cell, a thermodynamically unfavorable process can occur if the process is coupled to...
1. In a cell, a thermodynamically unfavorable process can occur if the process is coupled to a thermodynamically favorable process. the process is thermodynamically favorable outside the cell. an enzyme gives energy to the reacting substances. the cell as a whole is close to equilibrium. 2. In an active transport protein, ATP hydrolysis creates a channel through the membrane. ATP uses the protein to move across the membrane. ATP hydrolysis causes the protein to change shape. ATP carries a substance...
9. Which of these organelles contains an inner membrane folded inward to form cristae? a. nucleus...
9. Which of these organelles contains an inner membrane folded inward to form cristae? a. nucleus b. chloroplast c. rough ER d. mitochondrion e. smooth ER 10. Which reaction requires an enzyme? a. ATP -ADP Pi ADP +Pi >ATP C. Sucrose->glucose+fructose d. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)> 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid e. all of these 11. What would happen to human red blood cells placed in a solution of sucrose that is hypertonic to their cytoplasm? a. b. C. d. e. They would take...
Which of the following statements on membrane transport is NOT correct: A. To transport of solutes...
Which of the following statements on membrane transport is NOT correct: A. To transport of solutes in the unfavorable direction across the membrane, pumps couple the process with either ATP hydrolysis, light absorption, electron transport, orother favorable transport process. B. Dissolved gases like O2, CO2, or NO simply diffuse across a membrane bilayer C. Hydrophilic molecules require assistance by membrane proteins to cross the membrane bilayer. D. The rate of transport facilitated by transporters is faster, but less selective for...
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed...
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed from one carrier to another releasing a little energy at each B) Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound. C) Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. D) Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound 28) After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the one molecule is in the form of...
1. When ATP is hydrolyzed in vitro (i.e. in a test tube) to form ADP and inorganic phosphate, free energy is merely released as heat to the surroundings. In a cell this would be a wasteful use of energy and dangerous rising temperatures would lead to the denaturation of enzymes. How, then, do cells use the hydrolysis of ATP to perform cellular work? A complete response would include the following terms: energy coupling, endergonic/exergonic, phosphate transfer, and phosphorylated intermediate.
Thinking Through the Concepts Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is True? a. Enzymes increase activation energy requirements. b. Activation energy is required to initiate exergonic reactions. Heat cannot supply activation energy. c. d. Stomach acid inactivates pepsin. 2. Which is not an example of an exergonic reaction? a. photosynthesis b. a nuclear reaction in the sun c. ATP → ADP + Pi d. glucose breakdown .3, which of the following is True? a. ATP is a long-term energy...
7) Why do hydrolysis reactions occur more readily in solution than dehydration reactions? A) Hydrolysis reactions increase G, or Gibbs free energy of the system, B) Hydrolysis reactions are endergonic and increase entropy of the system. C) Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and decrease entropy of the system. D) Hydrolysis reactions are exergonic and increase entropy of the system. 8) How do cells use the ATP cycle illustrated in the figure? AAA W A) Cells use the cycle to recycle ADP...
The reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP is: ATP rightarrow ADP + Pi + 7.3kcal Is this an endergonic or exergonic reaction and why? Draw a reaction energy diagram for this reaction (do not need to include specific numbers) and label: X and Y axis, reactants, products, transition state, energy of activation. Draw an additional curve on your diagram above (use a dotted line or another color to distinguish) to indicate how the progress of reaction would be affected by...
9. Which of these organelles contains an inner membrane folded inward to form cristae? a. nucleus b. chloroplast c. rough ER d. mitochondrion e. smooth ER 10. Which reaction requires an enzyme? a. ATP -ADP Pi ADP +Pi >ATP C. Sucrose->glucose+fructose d. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P)> 1,3-diphosphoglyceric acid e. all of these 11. What would happen to human red blood cells placed in a solution of sucrose that is hypertonic to their cytoplasm? a. b. C. d. e. They would take...
27) Which one of the following best describes the electron transport chain? A) Electrons are passed from one carrier to another releasing a little energy at each B) Hydrogen atoms are added to CO2 to make an energy-rich compound. C) Electrons are pumped across a membrane by active transport. D) Glucose is broken down to a three-carbon compound 28) After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the one molecule is in the form of...
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