Question

cellular respiration

3. Next, let's describe in detail how the majority of ATP in the cell is produced: a. How is the energy obtained from the breakdown of glucose transferred into a form that can do work? Be sure to tell me what proteins or other moving parts are involved (3 pt). b. This process is driven by highly electro-negative oxygen acting as a cellular

Answer 1

a. The free energy released during the oxidation of glucose to CO2 is present in form of reduced coenzyme NADH and FADH2, generated during Glycolysis and Krebs cycle.Electrons released from NADH and FADH2 are transferred through a series of reaction to form ATP which is used as an energy source in several biochemical processes occurring inside a cell.

The production of ATP takes place inside mitochondria which is also known as Powerhouse of the cell and the process throgh which it occurs is termed as Oxidative phosphorylation.

Electrons are transferred to O2 with the help of proteins (electron carriers) and these are grouped into 4 large respiratory enz. complexes each containing 1 transmembrane protein that hold the complex.

Complex I NADH dehydrogenase

Complex II Succinate Q reductase ;it doesn't pump proton during transport of electron across inner mitochondrial membrane.

Complex III
Intermembrane space Complex II Pater Complex I Pant IMM fe-s- spate IFMN (Un couplers) I Complex I - Cytb yt > +0+24+ HO 11 HP 417 Matrix NAOH + H NAD Complex I FAD J Pyruvate TCA cycle Ketone ASP TATO (for NADH: CH7 H (24) Succinat Fumarelo = 25A78 bodies. for FADH₂ : (GHT (247) fiz- flow of e- through respiratory chain complexes 1.5 ATP 1:4 proton pump result in formation of 2 ATP]
Q cytochrome c oxidoreductase

Complex IV Cytochrome c oxidase

All these complexes are arranged in such a way that they have increasing redox potential to accept Hydrogen ion or electron i.e. Complex 1 has least affinity for hydrogen ion and Complex 4 has the higher 1. At the last of respiratory chain is the Oxygen which has the highest affinity for hydrogen molecule .

The use of proton motive force for ATP synthesis is catalysed by ATP Synthase/F0F1 complex/Complex V as protons flow back down the electrochemical proton gradient.

b. Oxygen acting as a Last electron acceptor,which yields H2O.