Question

Microbiology

In the competitive inhibition of enzyme activity, which statement is correct? Inhibitor directly competes with the substrate. Less substrates must be added in order to reach Vmax. The number of active sites is unlimited. None of the above.      In the noncompetitive inhibition of enzyme activity, which statement is correct?Inhibitors will cause a conformational change in the enzyme, more substrate must be added to reach Vmax, Enzymes bound to the inhibitor can still bind substrate, none of the above. . For redox reaction, which statement is correct for LEOGER: LEO= Lose electron; Oxidation. LEO = Lose Electron; Reduction. GER = Gain Electron. Reduction. GER = Gain Electron; Oxidation. Both a and c. Using LEOGER to help you memorize Redox Reaction, which statement is true: Reducing agent gains electrons. Oxidizing agent loses electrons. When a compound gains electron, it is being reduced. When a compound gains electron, it is being oxidized. Which metabolic pathway generates the most number of ATP ? Glycolysis. Fermentation. Kreb’s cycle. Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain).,,, ,,.Which statement is correct for the ATP synthase? Energy source comes from the movement of protons (H+) from high to low gradient. Converts ADP to ATP. Is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane. All of the above.   In alcohol fermentation, the conversion of pyruvate to ethanol allows for: The regeneration of NAD+. The continuation of glycolysis. The production of ATP. All of the above.1.How many NET ATP and NADH do you get from glycolysis? 4 ATP and 2 NADH. 2 ATP. 2ATP and 2NADH. 36ATP. ,,.Mouse dies when it is injected with both the live-rough strain and heat-killed smooth strain because: The heat-killed smooth strain is still virulent. The capsule from the smooth strain is directly transferred to the smooth strain. The DNA from the heat-killed strain has instruction to make capsule and got transferred into the smooth strain. All of the above. .True or False. Glycolysis is a catabolic pathway.

Answer 1

In competitive inhibition, the inhibitor competes with the substrate for binding with the limited number of active site present in the enzyme. This inhibition can be overcome, if increasing amount of substrate is added, that is, in order to achieve Vmax, more substrate must be added. So, the 1st option is correct.

In non-competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds at a site which is different from the active site of the enzyme, as a result of which, the substrate can still bind to the active site of the enzyme. Therefore, the third option is correct. (Enzymes bound to the inhibitor can still bind substrate.)

For redox reaction, LEOGER refers to the fact that "Loss of Electrons means Oxidation, Gain of Electrons means Reduction". So, the correct option will be- both a and c.

A substance which donates electron is known as reducing agent and as a result of this process, substance which accepts the electron will get reduced (that is, reducing agent helps a substance to get reduced). Similarly, oxidizing agent helps a substance to get oxidized by accepting Electron. Therefore, the correct statement will be- "When a compound gains electron, it is being reduced."

Number of ATP produced during glycolysis = 2, fermentation = 2, Krebs cycle = 2 ( per two molecules of pyruvic acid), oxidative phosphorylation = 34 (NADH and FADH​​​2​​ from glycolysis, Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and Krebs cycle contribute to ATP formation in the Electron Transport Chain). Therefore, maximum ATP is produced during oxidative phosphorylation.

ATP synthase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and it functions to produce ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate. Energy for this process comes from movement of protons down the concentration gradient. Therefore, all of the given statement is correct.

In alcohol fermentation, NADH generated during glycolysis, do not enter the Electron transport chain, rather it is regenerated to NAD+ when Pyruvate is converted to ethanol. No ATP is produced during this process. Therefore, the correct option will be the 1st one.

In glycolysis, 2 ATP are utilized, while 4 ATP and 2 NADH are produced. Therefore, a total of 2 ATP and 2 NADH are produced in glycolysis for one molecule of glucose.

The live rough strain lacks casule and thus is avirulent, while the heat killed smooth strain is virulent. Though it is dead, it's DNA still has the ability to transform the avirulent rough strain into virulent form. Therefore, when live rough strain and heat killed smooth strain are injected together, the rough strain transforms into virulent form and cause the disease in mouse as a result of which, it dies. So, the third option will be correct.

True. Catabolic pathway is one in which a substance is metabolized to produce energy. In glycolysis, glucose is metabolized, and the energy produced is stored in the form of ATP and NADH. Therefore, glycolysis is a catabolic pathway.