The difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune response to influenza viruses are due to
The difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune response to influenza viruses are due to
Homework Answers
Maintenance of long term immune response to influenza virus is difficult due to the following reasons:
a. Antigenic drift: It is a process in which accumulation of various mutations in the viral genome result in the change in the virus surface proteins that are recognised by the host’s immune system. Change in the surface proteins makes the long term immune response ineffective. It is common in all strains of influenza.
b. Antigenic drift: It is a process by which different strains of virus combine to produce a new subtype having combination of the surface proteins resembling two or more original strains. Antigenic drift is common in influenza A virus because it infects humans and other animals. Antigenic drift from zoonotic sources makes the host’s immune system ineffective to develop long term immune response.
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The difficulties of maintaining a long-term immune response to
influenza viruses are due to
1 A. Which antigens are most important in the immune response to the influenza virus? B....
1 A. Which antigens are most important in the immune response to the influenza virus? B. Explain the difference between antigenic drift and antigenic shift in the influenza virus. C. Which is most likely to lead to a major worldwide pandemic? D. What is the role of the phenomenon of ‘original antigenic sin’ in immunity to this virus?
1. Following a viral infection, what biological response(s) can occur? A. Inflammation B. Recruitment of immune...
1. Following a viral infection, what biological response(s) can occur? A. Inflammation B. Recruitment of immune cells to site of infection C. Fever D. All of the above 2. Preventine vaccines are intended to protect _______. A. Organisms already afflicted with the targeted viral infection B. Organisms free of the targeted viral infection C. Organisms that are immunocompromised D. Organisms that are defective in pathways regulating humoral immunity 3. Which of the following is not a type of passive immune...
To determine the long-term effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people, groups of vaccinated elderly and...
To determine the long-term effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people, groups of vaccinated elderly and unvaccinated community-dwelling elderly were studied. The results suggest that the elderly who are vaccinated have a reduced risk of hospitalization for pneumonia or influenza. A crude measure of association was calculated and found to be 3.01 and the MH adjusted measure of association was found to be 2.98. What is the study design?
10. How do latent viruses, like the herpes virus, utilize the link between our stress-response and...
10. How do latent viruses, like the herpes virus, utilize the link between our stress-response and immune system to survive?
Question 6 (2 points) What role does inflammation play in the immune response? it allows increased...
Question 6 (2 points) What role does inflammation play in the immune response? it allows increased delivery of white blood cells, oxygen, and nutrients to the site of infection it isolates the site of infection from the rest of the body it allows increased blood flow to the brain it signals the location of the infection in your body Question 7 (2 points) Which of the following is true of viruses? they are composed of cells similar to those of...
The current difficulties experienced when developing an adequate system of long-term care pale in comparison to...
The current difficulties experienced when developing an adequate system of long-term care pale in comparison to the challenges ahead as the “baby boomers” come of age. Many people question whether Medicare will be able to handle the baby boomers that are now starting to retire. What specific challenges to the US healthcare system does this phenomenon present? Most people agree that the costs are out of control. What can be done about that?
Which term best defines an immune reaction that results from hypersensitivities in which an antibody mediated...
Which term best defines an immune reaction that results from hypersensitivities in which an antibody mediated immune response occurs within minutes of exposure? immunodeficienty autoimmunity delayed hypersensitivity allergy
In a 300 word paragraph, Describe the short term and long term response loops that regulate...
In a 300 word paragraph, Describe the short term and long term response loops that regulate blood volume and blood pressure.
2. Explain how and why this form of genetic change occurs to influenza within a host....
2. Explain how and why this form of genetic change occurs to influenza within a host. (Hint: is it due to reassortment between two Influenza viruses OR mutations?). Please be thorough in your response. You may draw it out if it helps. (2pts) 3. Recently, flu vaccines for 2017-2018 included protection against H3N2. What does H3 and N2 represent? Please spell them out for full credit AND explain why 3 and 2 stands for. You may need to refer back...
Multiple Choice (Choose the BEST answer!) 1) Normal development of the immune response is due in...
Multiple Choice (Choose the BEST answer!) 1) Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the A) adrenal medulla B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) thymus gland' 2) Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular A) calcium B) deactivating ions -C) nucleotidest • D) second messengers 3) Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus? A) enzymatic B) humoral" C) neural D) hormonal" 4) Dave has...
Question 6 (2 points) What role does inflammation play in the immune response? it allows increased delivery of white blood cells, oxygen, and nutrients to the site of infection it isolates the site of infection from the rest of the body it allows increased blood flow to the brain it signals the location of the infection in your body Question 7 (2 points) Which of the following is true of viruses? they are composed of cells similar to those of...
2. Explain how and why this form of genetic change occurs to influenza within a host. (Hint: is it due to reassortment between two Influenza viruses OR mutations?). Please be thorough in your response. You may draw it out if it helps. (2pts) 3. Recently, flu vaccines for 2017-2018 included protection against H3N2. What does H3 and N2 represent? Please spell them out for full credit AND explain why 3 and 2 stands for. You may need to refer back...
Multiple Choice (Choose the BEST answer!) 1) Normal development of the immune response is due in part to hormones produced by the A) adrenal medulla B) pancreas C) thyroid gland D) thymus gland' 2) Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular A) calcium B) deactivating ions -C) nucleotidest • D) second messengers 3) Which of the following is NOT a category of endocrine gland stimulus? A) enzymatic B) humoral" C) neural D) hormonal" 4) Dave has...
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