Question

In a cross between two mottled offspring, what is the probability of getting a mottled offspring? (2 points) In a cross between two mottled flowers, if there are two offspring, what is the probability of getting one black offspring and one white offspring? (2 points) In a cross between two mottled flowers, if there are two offspring, what is the probability of getting one white offspring and one mottled offspring? (2 points) In a cross between mottled flowers, if there are ten offspring, what is the probability of getting exactly five mottled offspring? (2 points) 16. Two individuals that are heterozygous for a recessive autosomal trait have an offspring with dominant phenotype. What is the probability that that offspring is a carrier (heterozygote?) (3 points) If that offspring has an offspring with an individual with the recessive condition, what is the chance their offspring has the condition? (2 points) 17. Most randomly occurring mutations that occur in humans do not have an effect on phenotype. Why is this? (4 points) 18. Imagine that coronavirus has a 0.002% incidence in the population. A test for the virus has a 0.001% false positive rate and no false negative rate (false positive rate means the chance that if an uninfected individual takes the test the test will falsely identify them as infected). If a random person takes the test and gets a positive result, what is the chance that they are infected? (Show your work to car partial credit) (4 points) Now consider the case in the future, where the incidence of the virus has increased to 1%. Now if a random person takes the test and gets a positive result, what is the chance that they are infected? (2 points)

Answer 1

Answer - 16) - fre 1-1 to be an abbaited recessive homorygte sthe must inherit au à allele from the father and The mother give that 11-1 must be Aa. I- 2 shows the dominant phenotype, and to theretose has atleast one A allele: the probability that the other is a s/.. 1-3 is from outside the ( abberted pedigree and can be assumed to be AA. I like his father, I - 1 shows the dominant. s phenotype, and therefore has at least one of then, in the probability that all - 1 is Aa is the probability Ir that I - 2 is heterozygous and passed the a allele to 11-3! (9* (17)) = 14. Is us and the same reasoning leads to the conclusion that all-2 y HETEROZYGOUS" with a probability of 14. Thus, the W-1 to be aa both parents must be Aa, and they must bette pass the a allole, to their offspring : 44+1/4x1/4 = 1/64. - *.) Alternatively, for 10- 1 to be a beterorygous, - Carries, either she most inhert an a altele from the father by from the mother. The chance of either parents being a heteroryguante in l/4.

as calulated above. Then the probability that two heterozygote will have a heterozygous child s 144 v 44X/2 = 1/32. *. finally, the probability that 10-1 ý a dominant homozygote ; 1-1/64 - 1/32 = (64-4-2) 64 - 61/64. also be calulated more tediously by This can Summing the alternative probabilities at each of the steps above. * It both parents are carriers of the reasure, allele for a dissorder, all of the their children will face the following odds of inheriting it; 25% chance of having the reassive dirsdy, 50% chance of being a heallthy caprel 25%. chance of being heallting and not have the recessive allde at all. * It one parentis a carrier and the other has a recessive dissolder, their children will have a have the following odds of inheriting it: 50% chance of being a healthy carrier 50% Chanee. having the recessive dissolder I playe Rate my Ansure

177 In bidegy, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleotides sequence of the genome of the Raganism virus, (81) Entrachromosomal DNA. mutations result som error during DNA replication, mitosis, and meisons & other type of damage to DNA (Such as pyrimidine dimers that may be caused by Exposure to radication (8) Carlinogenes) which then may undergo Error-prone sepais . (Especially vierohomology -mediated end jouling) en cause an error during other forms of rapain & Else may cause an erra during replication (translesion Synthesis) mutation may also result from insestion & deletion of segments of DNA due to mobile genetic Elements, - mutations may (8) may not produce discernible changes in the observable characteristics (phenotype) of an agenism mutations play a part in both normal and abnormal bidlogical processes including: Evolution, concer and the development of the immune systers, including junctional diversity

The genomers of RNA viruses are based on cathes than DNA. The RNA viral genome. double-standaad - as in DNA ) (8y single- ? I RNA 3 combe steromded. In some of these. Viruses and abronal biological (such as the single - Stranded human immunodeficiency virus). & Und ever replication occurs quickly, and these are no mechanism to check the genome for accurany. This erra- prone process often result in mitations. mitation can result in may different types of change in sequence mutation in gene can Either have no effect alter the product of a gune (8 Completely. mutation com also occur in nongenic regions a 2007 stady on genetic voliations b/w different spuies of drosophilia Suggested that it a mutation changes a protein produced by a genetton wit. The result is likely to be harmful with an estimated 70% of amumo and polymophisme that have damaging Effects, and the remained con have no gues. Aganisms have mechanism such as DNA repair to prevent on correct mutations by gwent the mutation requince back to it ruginal state deose Rate my Answer. Vote - Aspes ehigg rules es HomeworkLib rules & have to write 1 ov (2) question only.