Question

Describe the 3 primary ways that skeletal muscle cells use to regenerate (produce) ATP. For each, name and describe it, then state any advantages and disadvantages, defending your statements with facts or information that supports your statement. (hint: think in terms of speed of production, location of production within the cell, availability of specific substrates – name them, oxygen requirements, and wastes produced).

Answer 1

Skeletal muscle are among the 3 types of muscles in the body, there are 3 primary ways by which they regenerate ATP that are classified based om the ATP provides the energy for muscle contraction, they are creatinine phosphate, ananerobic glycolysis and Aerobic metabolism.

Based on type of muscle fibers, how fast they contract and how fibers produce ATP, they are classified as slow oxidative, fast oxidative and fast glycolytic.

Slow oxidative : these fibers, relatively contract slowly amd utlizes aerobic respiration(metabolism) (oxygen and glucose). These posses large number of mitochondria and capabke of contracting for longer period but relatively posses smaller tension due to smaller in diameter. These are rich with oxygen supply and myoglobin stores o2 with fibers apperars red in colour, resulting can sustain muscle activity without fatigue for longer time. These are usefull in maintaining posture, stability bones, isometric contractions and small movements dosenit require large amount of energy.

Fast oxidative: these fibers have fast contractions and first utlizes aerobic respiration because they may switch to anaerobic respiration glycolysis,so can fatigue more quickly than slow oxidative. These are also called as intermediate fibers as they act as intermediator in between fast and slow fibers. These produce ATP quickly than Slow oxidative and relatively produces high tension. However these are oxidative and posses ATP quickly but does not posses myoglobin that results in lighter colour than SO.

Fast glycolative: These fibers have fast contraction and primarily uses anaerobic glycolysis and fatigue more quickly than other fibers. These have large diameter and high amount of glycogen that is used in generating the ATP quickly resulting in high tension. Thses are white in colour as do not possese significantly myoglobin and the number of mitochondria's. These produce rapid, forceful contraction to make quick and powerfull movement's. These tend to fatigue quickly thus meant to utilizes for shorter period.

Predominant type of fibers are based on the primady functions of the muscle.

Speed of contraction depends on how myosin atpase hydrolzes the atp to produce cross bridge actions.

Creatinine phosphate produce atp for first 15 seconds at begining of muscle contraction followed by anaerobic glycolysis that produces small amount of atp in absence of oxygen followed by aerobic metabolism which utilize the oxygen to produce more atp allowing the muscle to work for longer period.

Creatinine phosphate is used beacuse creatinine and adp are quickly converted to atp by creatinin kinase. Aerobic produces 36 molecules of atp from glucose which opposes the 2 atp produced by glycolysis(anaerobic).

Thankyou..