Question

Your friend has a plan to get rich quick by harvesting and selling bryophyte cuticles as a skin cream to get rid of wrinkles. Should you invest in this startup company, BryoGen?

Question 2 options:

	no, because bryophytes have little to no waxy cuticle
	yes, because the cuticle helps protect the cell layer beneath it
	no, because it will be very difficult to harvest cuticle wax from inside the bryophytes
	yes, because bryophytes are resistant to desiccation and must therefore resist wrinkling

Bryophytes became less common as other kinds of plants evolved and became competitors. All of the following are characteristics of bryophytes that contributed to this EXCEPT:

Question 3 options:

	reliance on water to distribute swimming sperm
	lack of roots capable of seeking water and nutrients within soil
	lack of multicellular haploid and diploid life stages
	growth form is small and flat due to a lack of vascular tissue

The advantage of _________ in gymnosperms is _________.

Question 6 options:

	seeds; dispersing haploid cells through the water
	xylem; not needing leaves to carry out photosynthesis
	phloem; making it possible for roots to grow underground
	flowers; attracting pollinators to carry out fertilization

Answer 1

Ans 2: Bryophytes contains waxy cuticles which helped them to protect the plants tissue from drying out.This cuticle is a waxy covering that can be found on essentially all exposed surfaces. This waxy surface inhibits the loss of water. So this means that it is easy to harvest waxy cuticles from the surface. Bryophytes contains stoma and a waxy cuticle on their body that helps protect them from dessication. They have the ability to dry completely (i.e. equilibrate their internal water potential to extremely dry air) and resume normal function upon rehydration. So from all these characterization we can say that yes we should invest in this startup because bryophytes indeed are resistant to desiccation and must therefore resist wrinkling because wrinkling is also caused by dehydration and the waxy cuticles prevent water loss.

Ans 3: Bryophytes can be found in wet environments all around the world. Because they have no vascular tissue, they aren’t able to take water from the soil and transport it to higher tissue. So lack of roots contributes to the statement.

Fertilization in bryophytes is only possible when gametophytes are covered with a thin layer of water which can allow the sperm to travel through towards a neighboring gametophyte. So they rely on water to distribute swimming sperm. So this character is contributes to the statement.

Bryophytes are all pretty small plants as they are limited in size by poor transport methods for water, gases and other compounds. The poor transport method is basically due to the absence of the vascular tissues in the bryophytes so last option is also correct.

Like all plants, the bryophyte life cycle goes through both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) stages. The haploid stage, in which a multicellular haploid gametophyte develops from a spore and produces haploid gametes, is the dominant stage in the bryophyte life cycle. The mature gametophyte produces both male and female gametes, which join to form a diploid zygote. The zygote develops into the diploid sporophyte, which extends from the gametophyte and produces haploid spores through meiosis. Once the spores germinate, they produce new gametophyte plants and the cycle continues.

So from the above explanation we can say that the 3rd option is incorrect and bryophytes indeed have both multicellular haploid and diploid life stages. So option 3 is the only statement which is incorrect and hence does not contribute to the fact that over time bryophytes became less common over a period of time.

Ans 4: Gymnosperms does not produce flowers so last option is incorrect also xylem is a part of vascular tissue which is used in the transport of water from roots to the stems where it is utilized in photosynthesis but cholorophyll is the essential component for the photosyntheis which only leaves possess so option 2 is also incorrect. Also seeds are diploid in case of gymnosperms so option 1 is incorrect. So the correct statement is:

The advantage of phloem in gymnosperms is making it possible for roots to grow underground. As pholem is also a part of vascular tissue which transport the compounds produced during photosynthesis to different parts of the plant including roots and these compounds are utilized by these organs for their growth.