Question

Questions Tonsils and adenoids - Lymph nodes Lymphatic vessels Thymus Lymph nodes - 4. Please arrange the terms in the word bank in the order in which they become important in the stepwise story of the development of immunologic memory to an inhaled virus. Briefly list the steps (see sample steps below): Word Bank (random order) • effector T cell • effector B cell • antibody • lymph node • virus naïve T cell • naïve B cell bone marrow thymus • memory cells • lymphatic vessel • antigen-presenting cell • thoracic duct (in torso, beneath heart) Spleen Peyer's patches Appendix Lymph nodes Bone marrow Lymphatic vessels Step 1 - Smallpox virus enters by inhalation. Step 2 - All of the cells of the immune system are born in the Bone Marrow and Thymus ... etc. Figure 3. Immune system. Source: Understanding the Immune System: How It Works, NIH-NIAID, 2007. <http://static.nsta.org/extras/debatable/theimmunesystem.pdf>. Now, label a diagram like Figure 3 with the numbers associated with your steps. For example, you would put a number “1” near the mouth and/or throat for Step 1. 5. Challenge Question: Why is the inoculating dose of smallpox less likely to create severe illness than natural infection?

Answer 1

• virus
• thoracic duct
• naive t cell
• thymus
• antigen presenting cell
• effector t cell
• memory cell

Step 1 ; virus inhaled

Step 2; reaches thoracic duct

Step 3; activates immune cells such as naive t cells and naive B cells

Step 4; immune cells are produced and matured in organs like bone marrow, thymus etc

Step 5; Antigen presenting cells involved processing of antigen and present it into naive t cells

Step 6; Upon the encounter of Antigen presenting cell naive T cell differentiated in to effector T cells and memory T cells

Step 7; Effector T cells produce cytokines and kill the pathogen by apoptosis

Step 8; Memory B cells remains in the blood stream, helps to produce rapid immune response when the same antigen reexposures.