Question

Please use practical examples of A. and discuss and explain the point in which u wil state in B

Questions 1. A. Use practical examples to distinguish between Assessment of Learning, Assessment for Learning, and Assessment as Learning. B. Students can be assessed at the beginning of the lesson, during the lesson, and at the end of the lesson. Discuss the merits and demerits of assessing students at each of these stages of the lesson.

Answer 1

Q1.

A. ANS: Assessment of Learning: it involves assessment of students learning that are administered at the end of the lesson or unit to evaluate student's understanding of the subject by comparing his/her achievement against a set standard.

Assessment for Learning: in this, the assessment is done throughout the teaching and learning process to

constantly adjust instructional strategy.

Assessment as Learning: is the process the students assess themselves as learners and become aware of how they learn. It is a metacognition process which means "thinking about one's mental process".

Using Practical Example to differentiate:

Assessment of Learning	Assessment for Learning	Assessment as Learning
Academic assessment generated by the Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA) for students pre K-12, or state test assessment.	Using NWEA in conjunction with teacher-generated daily data (checks for understanding, exit tickets, observations of student engagement)	A student creating a SoundCloud podcast so you can hear how they speak a language

B. ANS: Merits and Demerits of Student's assessment at:

• At the beginning of the lesson: before the beginning of the lesson, a teacher usually assesses primarily to ascertain students needs. When a teacher plan a new unit or lesson they reflect what they have learned about students from previous experience with the topic. They recall misunderstanding that students often have and areas that have proven to be particularly difficult.

Merits:

1. Records of tests and quizzes give them useful information about the effectiveness of previous instruction.
2. The teacher knows that all students are different and all group of students have their strength and weakness. Individual students also vary in the type of previous instruction they have had, as well as the understanding and interest they bring to a new topic.
3. Collecting information about individual student’s understanding before beginning a unit helps identify teachers students’ needs and plan a new strategy to incorportate in his class.

Demerits:

1. Some teacher complains about sacrificing time before the beginning of the lesson.
2. The teacher may lack the training or professional development on how to assess students at the beginning of the lesson.

It takes into account the historical data to assess students, which may not be right to assess their current performance.

• During the lesson: the teacher assess students understanding during the lesson or unit.

Merits:

1. It helps teacher's to analyze and understand students need during the lesson.
2. Teachers usually check for understanding if students are struggling during the lesson.
3. Teachers address these issues early during the class that helps them to change their instructional strategy.

Demerits:

1. The students may not cooperate with teachers with a lot of pressure of assignment and assessment as well.
2. The teacher may have a lack of skills to address various issues arising during the assessment period.
3. It is time-consuming and thus, it requires special attention of the teacher.

At the end of the lesson: These assessments ask students to demonstrate their understanding and skill.

Merits:

1. When students plan and carry out performance tasks, they show how well they can apply what they have learned to authentic situations
2. Low-level knowledge can be addressed through a quiz or test.
3. In Long-term assessment such as portfolios and ongoing conferences that provides teachers and students with the opportunity to make connection with regard to lessons and various other projects.

Demerits:

1. It requires a test administrator who knows how to avoid test bias.
2. Statistical analysis of data can be time-consuming.
3. Students with less score or rank may lose their confidence.