Question

39. List the major groups of fungi and describe the major characteristics of fungi within that group.

Answer 1

There are 4 major groups of fungi, i.e;

Deuteromycota

Deuteromycota fungi are also called sac fungi, because they have a saclike appearance. This group of fungi can be found living on humans, plants and animals. The sexual mode of reproduction of Deuteromycota fungi is not entirely known, so they are classified as imperfect fungi. This form of fungus is responsible for the ailments like athlete's foot and jock itch in humans.

Ascomycota

Ascomycota make up the largest group in the fungi kingdom. Ascomycota can reproduce sexually and asexually. They are parasitic to some plants and survive by decomposing their hosts. They are present in the form of yeasts. Some beneficial forms of Ascomycota are baker's yeasts for foods and medicines like penicillin.

Zygomycota

Zygomycota reproduce sexually by creating zygospores. Zygomycota tend to reside and gain their nutrition on decayed matter. They often form symbiotic relationships with their hosts, including plants and animals. Many yeasts and molds that are found on fruits, breads and sugars are Zygomycota.

Basidiomycota

Basidiomycota make up the second largest group of fungi. The balloon or clublike shape of the reproductive organ is distinctive to fungi belonging to this group. Basidiomycota reproduce asexually by producing basidiospores. Some forms of Basidiomycota are parasitic on to plants. Basidiomycota fungi include mushrooms, certain types of yeasts, plant rusts and smuts.