The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose:
The first reaction in glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose:
Pi+glucose⟶glucose−6−phosphate+H2O
This is a thermodynamically unfavorable process, with ΔG∘′=+13.8kJ/mol.
Part A
In a liver cell at 37 ∘C the concentrations of both phosphate and glucose are normally maintained at about 5 mM each. =>theequilibrium concentration of glucose-6-phosphate = 1.2*10^-7 M
Part B
This very low concentration of the desired product would be
unfavorable for glycolysis. In fact, the reaction is coupled to ATP
hydrolysis to give the overall reaction
ATP+glucose⟶glucose−6−phosphate+ADP+H+
ΔG∘′ for the coupled reaction is -18.4 kJ/mol
Homework Answers
2. The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme herokinase: glucose + ATP glucose-6-P...
2. The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme herokinase: glucose + ATP glucose-6-P + ADP This reaction can be thought of as two coupled reactions (P is phosphate): (1) glucose + P + glucose-6-P (2) ATP + ADP + P For the overall reaction, AG" = -16.7 kJ/mol. For the hydrolysis of ATP (equation 2), AG = -310 kJ/mol. All reactions are performed at 37°C. (a) What is AGº for reaction 1? Iglucose - 6-11 if AG...
Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of...
Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are thermodynamically unfavorable (nonspontaneous), but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions. Reaction A: P + glucose glucose-6-phosphate +HO AG13.8 kJ/mol Reaction B: P fructose-6-phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate +1,0 AG 16.3 kJ/mol Reaction C: ATP+H, ADP +P, AG - 30.5 kJ/mol Select every unfavorable reaction. reaction B reaction C reaction A Select every set of coupled reactions where the overall...
Part 1 (2 points)See Hint (A) Phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG˚' = ?...
Part 1 (2 points)See Hint (A) Phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate has ΔG˚' = ? kJ/mol without the use of ATP. (B) Coupling phosphorylation with ATP hydrolysis gives ΔG˚' =? kJ/mol. Part 2 (1 point) Using concentrations of intermediates found in a cell, the phosphorylation of glucose using inorganic phosphate has ΔG' = 19.7 kJ/mol, while phosphoryl transfer from ATP (ATP investment) results in ΔG' = -34.5 kJ/mol. What does this tell you about the values of Q and...
Hexokinase catalyzes the following reaction in glycolysis: Glucose + ATP ← → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP The...
Hexokinase catalyzes the following reaction in glycolysis: Glucose + ATP ← → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP The standard free-energy change for this reaction in the direction written is -16.7 kJ/mol. The concentrations of the related reaction components in the hepatocyte of a mammalian cell are: Glucose: 6 mM Glucose-6-phosphate: 0.074 mM ATP: 1.00 mM ADP: 0.25 mM What is the actual free-energy change for the reaction at body temperature (37 C)?
1. 2. 3. 4. Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate...
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
The final reaction of glycolysis is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase and has a ΔG’° of -31.4kJ/mol....
The final reaction of glycolysis is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase and has a ΔG’° of -31.4kJ/mol. In vivo this enzyme has a ΔG of -16.7kJ/mol. In gluconeogenic tissues like the liver, the cytosolic concentrations of ATP, ADP, Pi and PEP are 2.25mM, 0.25mM, 1.65mM and 8.8μM respectively. Assuming everything else remains constant, what fold change in pyruvate concentration would be required to drive pyruvate kinase in the reverse direction? (That is, solve the equation when ΔG is 0).
In the first step of glycolysis, the given two reactions are coupled. reaction 1: reaction 2:...
In the first step of glycolysis, the given two reactions are coupled. reaction 1: reaction 2: glucose +P: ATP + H2O glucose-6-phosphate + H,O + ADP + P AG = +13.8 kJ/mol AG = -30.5 kJ/mol Answer the four questions about the first step of glycolysis. Is reaction 2 spontaneous or nonspontaneous? O nonspontaneous O spontaneous Complete the net chemical equation. ATP+ + Calculate the overall AG for the coupled reaction. AG = kJ/mol Is the first step in glycolysis...
The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the following reaction: Glucose + ATP ↔ Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP For...
The enzyme hexokinase catalyzes the following reaction: Glucose + ATP ↔ Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP For this reaction, ΔG° = +16.7 kJ/mol a. Calculate the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 25 °C. Is this reaction spontaneous under standard conditions at this temperature? Calculate the ΔG if the reaction temperature was 25 °C and the concentrations are: glucose, 55.0 mM,; ATP, 5.00 mM; ADP, 1.00 mM; and glucose 6-Phosphate, 0.100 mM. Would the reaction be spontaneous under the conditions of...
The protein Src is a signaling molecule that is phosphorylated by acetyl phosphate and dephosphorylated by...
The protein Src is a signaling molecule that is phosphorylated
by acetyl phosphate and dephosphorylated by hydrolysis. Thus, Src
catalyzes the acetyl-phosphate hydrolysis reaction:
PICTURE. Please answer all the problems and explain.
Exam 2: Practice problems Chem4400 1. The protein Sre is a signaling molecule that is phosphory lated by acetyl phosphate and dephosphorylated by hydrolysis. Thus, Sre catalyzes the acetyl-phosphate hydrolysis reaction: (1) CH3CO-Pi (aq) + H20 (l)-→ CH3COOH (aq) + P (a) AG--40. Ik/ / mol As with...
5.The following reaction has a ΔG°'--61.9 kJ/mol at 25°C, Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) +H2O Pyruvate + Inorganic Phosphate...
5.The following reaction has a ΔG°'--61.9 kJ/mol at 25°C, Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) +H2O Pyruvate + Inorganic Phosphate (Pi) (a) Is the reaction favorable under standard biochemical conditions? Explain your answer. (b) What is the equilibrium constant (K) of this reaction at 25°C? In cells the direct hydrolysis of PEP rarely occurs. Rather, the hydrolysis of PEP and the reverse hydrolysis of ATP are coupled (c) w rite out the coupled reaction and determine its ΔG at 25°C The hydrolysis of ATP...
2. The first step in glycolysis is catalyzed by the enzyme herokinase: glucose + ATP glucose-6-P + ADP This reaction can be thought of as two coupled reactions (P is phosphate): (1) glucose + P + glucose-6-P (2) ATP + ADP + P For the overall reaction, AG" = -16.7 kJ/mol. For the hydrolysis of ATP (equation 2), AG = -310 kJ/mol. All reactions are performed at 37°C. (a) What is AGº for reaction 1? Iglucose - 6-11 if AG...
Glycolysis is the process by which energy is harvested from glucose by living things. Several of the reactions of glycolysis are thermodynamically unfavorable (nonspontaneous), but proceed when they are coupled with other reactions. Reaction A: P + glucose glucose-6-phosphate +HO AG13.8 kJ/mol Reaction B: P fructose-6-phosphate + fructose-1,6-bisphosphate +1,0 AG 16.3 kJ/mol Reaction C: ATP+H, ADP +P, AG - 30.5 kJ/mol Select every unfavorable reaction. reaction B reaction C reaction A Select every set of coupled reactions where the overall...
1.
2.
3.
4.
Select all that apply. Identify the reaction(s) of glycolysis inhibited by ATP □ glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate phosphoenolpyruvate +pyruvate 3-phosphoglycerate ~2-phosphoglycerate 1) fructose-6-phosphate→ fructose-1,6-bisphosphate . glucose glucose-6-phosphate Select all that apply. Alcohol fermentation: consumes ATP as it produces ethanol. O produces carbon dioxide begins as pyruvate is decarboxylated to acetaldehyde in a reaction catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase m regenerates NAD requires the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, In the figure below, what is the reaction occurring at the location...
In the first step of glycolysis, the given two reactions are coupled. reaction 1: reaction 2: glucose +P: ATP + H2O glucose-6-phosphate + H,O + ADP + P AG = +13.8 kJ/mol AG = -30.5 kJ/mol Answer the four questions about the first step of glycolysis. Is reaction 2 spontaneous or nonspontaneous? O nonspontaneous O spontaneous Complete the net chemical equation. ATP+ + Calculate the overall AG for the coupled reaction. AG = kJ/mol Is the first step in glycolysis...
The protein Src is a signaling molecule that is phosphorylated
by acetyl phosphate and dephosphorylated by hydrolysis. Thus, Src
catalyzes the acetyl-phosphate hydrolysis reaction:
PICTURE. Please answer all the problems and explain.
Exam 2: Practice problems Chem4400 1. The protein Sre is a signaling molecule that is phosphory lated by acetyl phosphate and dephosphorylated by hydrolysis. Thus, Sre catalyzes the acetyl-phosphate hydrolysis reaction: (1) CH3CO-Pi (aq) + H20 (l)-→ CH3COOH (aq) + P (a) AG--40. Ik/ / mol As with...
5.The following reaction has a ΔG°'--61.9 kJ/mol at 25°C, Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) +H2O Pyruvate + Inorganic Phosphate (Pi) (a) Is the reaction favorable under standard biochemical conditions? Explain your answer. (b) What is the equilibrium constant (K) of this reaction at 25°C? In cells the direct hydrolysis of PEP rarely occurs. Rather, the hydrolysis of PEP and the reverse hydrolysis of ATP are coupled (c) w rite out the coupled reaction and determine its ΔG at 25°C The hydrolysis of ATP...
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