Question

1. Discuss self in human communication
2. Explain the Johari Window
3. What are factors that influence self – disclosure
4. Discuss the stages of perception.
5. What is the Pygmalion Effect?

Answer 1

1. Knowing self is important in communication, that is your knowledge about who you are; about your traits, your strengths and limitations, your emotions and behaviors, your individuality. Self awareness is basic to all type of communication.

2. Johari Window:

A diagram called the Johari Window (above) helps to graphically visualize the process of self-disclosure. The four quadrant of diagram represents the different ways information can be seen and observed, both by oneself and by others.


The four aspects consists of open self, blind self, hidden self,and unknown self.

Open self.

Open self represents all the information, attitudes, behaviors, appearance, your social status
and feelings about yourself that you know and that others also know. Such knowledge could include everything from your name, skin tone, sex, and age ,your religion and political views.


Blind self.

Blind self represents knowledge about you that others have know about you but you don’t. A large blind self is a signof low self-awareness.


Unknown self.

This self represents those parts of yourself that nobody yet knows. This includes undiscovered interests, untapped potential etc ..

Hidden self.

This self represents all the knowledge
you have of yourself that you have not revealed to others.
for example, any attitudes or beliefs, fantancies, or experiences which you may be ashamed.

3. Factors influence whether or not you disclose is highly effected by factors such as who you are, gender,
your culture, what is your topic and channel and who your listeners are.

Who you are.

Highly sociable and extroverted people would self-disclose more than those who are less sociable and more introverted in nature. People who are comfort in communication disclose more people who are not comfortable in talking. Self confident people may be Welling to disclose more.

Culture.

Self disclosure may vary according to cultural values also. Different cultures view self-disclosure in different views. In some culture disclosing inner feelings viewed as undesirable or weakness.

Your gender.

Studies show that self-disclosure is highly dependent on your gender. Research shows that women disclose more than men.

Your Listeners

People tend to disclose more readily in small groups than in large groups. Dyads, groups of two people, are the most suitable setting for self-disclosure.
People disclose to whom they trust more.

Your Topic

People tend to disclose more about some topics than others. For example, you’re more likely to reveal information related with your job or hobbies than about your personal life such as sex life or financial situation. Also you would disclose favorable information more rather than unfavorable information.

4. Perception is referred to as the process of transforming sensory stimuli to meaningful information.

Stages in perception are explained as follows:

• Receiving.

It is the first and most important stage in perception in which a person collects all information and receives the information through the sense organs.

• Selecting

In this second stage a person doesn’t receive the data randomly but selectively. A person selects some information selectively according to his interest or needs. The selection of data is effected by certain external and internal factors.

External factors − The external factors that affect perception are intensity, contrast, size, movement, familiarity, repetition, and novelty.

Internal factors − The internal factors that influence the perception of an individual consists of psychological requirements, exper, learning, background, and self-acceptance

• Organizing

It is important to organize the information received in order to make a sense

We can organize the information by −
Grouping them on the premise of their similarity, closure, continuity, proximity.

• Interpreting

The final stage of perception is forming the concept about a particular object depending upon the need and interest. Interpretation means that the information we have perceived and arranged, is finally given a meaning by turning it into something that can be categorized. It consists of stereotyping, halo effect etc.

5. The Pygmalion effect

The pigmalian effect also called Rosenthal effect, is referred to as a psychological phenomenon where high expectations lead to improved performance .

According to pigmalian effect people tend to perform more according to the level of expectation. people may perform perform up to the level that others expect of them.

If you are not expecting more from the people you work with, it’s likely you won’t inspire them to perform to the limits of their capabilities