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1.     A gel separation of RNA shows bands and smears that are migrating out of sync...

1.     A gel separation of RNA shows bands and smears that are migrating out of sync with one another. What are two factors that could cause the bands in RNA electrophoresis to move at different rates? What can we do to avoid these factors?

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The factors that make RNA strands to move at different rates are -size and charge .The smeared appearance of strands is due to denaturation of RNA which can be due to number of factors such as -overloading of sample , overheating,improper loading or preparation of gel etc . Preventing these factors can get you correct electrophoresis results as these factors will affect the products of the electrophoresis ie ,the size and charge of the bands formed.

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