Question

Select correct or incorrect for each of the following statements regarding factors that influence urine formation Hypotension tends to decrease the glomerular filtration rate. Incorrect Activation of angiotensin increases blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. The primary/direct effect of aldosterone is to increase urine output. - ADH release increases urine output -

Give a brief explanation to support your answers.

Answer 1

Ans 1:- Hypotension tends to decrease the glomerular filtration rate.

The statement is CORRECT.

Explanation:- The increased blood volume increases the blood pressure throughout the body due to the increased blood volume with higher blood pressure will enter through the afferent arteriole and into the glomerules which result in the increase of GFR vice-versa will happen when low blood pressure (hypotension) is present and thus decreases the GFR.this explanation is according to Starling’s law of the heart.

Ans 2:- Activation of angiotensin increases blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate.

The statement is CORRECT.

Explanation:- Angiotension increases the blood pressure by constricting the blood vessels it also stimulates the proximal tubules of the kidney to stimulate Na⁺ reabsorption thus increases the blood volume and ultimately increases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) by the mechanism as already discussed above.

Ans 3:- The primary/direct effect of Aldosterone is to increase the urine output.

The statement is INCORRECT.

Explanation:- Aldosterone causes the kidneys to retain salt which increases the water retention, it is done to regulate the blood pressure to a normal level. In short retention of salts increases water retention thus less urine.

Ans 4:- ADH release increase urine output.

The statement is INCORRECT.

Explanation:- Diuretics is the substance that increases the urine output while ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) decreases the urine output.