Explain how the allele that causes the fatal condition of sickle-cell anemia has been preserved in...
Explain how the allele that causes the fatal condition of sickle-cell anemia has been preserved in certain populations that are exposed to malaria. Why is sickle-cell anemia relatively frequent today even among populations who live in geographic regions where malaria is under control?
Homework Answers
sickel cell anemia is a genetic disease that slightly alters the structure of hemoglobin,the oxygen carrying protein in RBC.
this modified hemoglobin , when not carrying oxygen, tends to clump with other deoxygenated hemoglobin, deforming red blood cells and causing blood to clot throughout the body.
the disease is prevalent in africa where incidence of malaria is low because sickle cell anemia imparts some resistance to malaria.
the direct cause of sickle cell anemia is genetic.
those with sickle cell anemia have genes that produce a modified form of hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to tissues.
when this modified hemoglobin is deoxygenated in tissue , it tends to clump with other deoxygenated hemoglobin, forming long chains.
these chains deform the red blood cells that contain them, causing the red blood cells to assume a sickle shape , rather than their normal smooth disk shape.
the sickled red blood cells clog capillaries, causing heart problems, skin and retinal lesions, and often death.
despite these effects , the disease does have one benefit.
those with sickle cell anemia are resistant to the parasite that causes malaria.
a small genetic change in hemoglobin both causes sickle cell anemia and protects against maleria.
hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues.
deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin distorts the blood cells into a sickle shape that obstructs circulation and in turn damages tissues, resulting anemia shortens life expectancy to about 45.
conversely the weakened sickle blood cell is a poor host for the malaria parasite as the cell leaks needed nutrients and is selectively eliminated by the liver.
this selective advantage of sickle cell concentrates its occurence to regions of high malaria incidence.
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