Question

a) compare and contrast photosystem i and photosystem ii in green plants.

b) compare and contrast the processes of lactic acid and eathanol fermetation.

Please be clear and thank you

Answer 1

B ) Alcohol vs Lactic Acid Fermentation

Fermentation is just one of the two ways in which the body can utilize energy from the food being eaten. No matter what type of fermentation they all begin with the same exact primary step of glycolysis ‘“ splitting glucose to become pyruvic acid. As a result, ATP (adenosine triphosphate) commonly known as the biologic energy needed by the body to survive is produced.

In the actual fermentation process, the pyruvic acid will eventually transform into waste material leaving only about 2 ATP molecules per pyruvic molecule. But since there are two pyruvic acid molecules involved then four ATPs are made in an ordinary glycolysis. The two most talked about classes of fermentation are alcohol and lactic acid fermentation.

Lactic acid fermentation is a very common process among bacteria. That’s why the bacteria present in yogurt (Lactobacillus acidophilus) make use of such. Its end product (lactic acid) gives yogurt its familiarly odd yogurt-like taste. The human muscle is also one of the most common areas where this type of fermentation takes place

A )

The two main multi-subunit membrane protein complexes differ in their absorbing wavelength, where the photosystem I or PS 1 absorbs the longer wavelength of light which is 700 nmwhile photosystem II or PS 2 absorbs the shorter wavelength of light 680 nm.

Next each photosystem is replenished by the electrons, after the loss of an electron, but the sources are different where PS II gets it electrons from water while PS I gains electrons from the PS II through an electron transport chain.

Photosystem I or PS I uses light energy to convert NADP+ to NADPH2. It involves the P700, chlorophyll and other pigments. Photosystem II or PS II is the protein complex that absorbs light energy, involving P680, chlorophyll and accessory pigments and transfer electrons from water to plastoquinone and thus works in dissociation of water molecules and produces protons (H+) and O2.

P.S 1 located on the outer surface of the thylakoid membrane. P.S2 It is located on the inner surface of the thylakoid membrane.

P700 is the photo center. FOR P.S 1, P680 is the photo center. FOR P.S 2

The pigments in the photosystem 1 absorb longer wavelengths of light which is 700 nm (P700).The pigments in the photosystem2 absorb shorter wavelengths of light which is 680 nm (P680).

This P.S 1 system is involved in both cyclic as well as non-cyclic photophosphorylation. P.S 2system is involved in both cyclic photophosphorylation.