Explain why there are differences between how the body responds to intracellular and extracellular pathogens.
Intracellular pathogens grow and reproduce within the host cells while extracellular pathogens do not grow and reproduce. Extracellular pathogens or non invasive and only spread throughout a body once they gain access. The body response to intracellular pathogen and extracellular pathogen varies because extracellular pathogens only damages the cells so the body has to get rid of the damaged cell as well as the pathogen, while the intracellular pathogen reprogram the host cells and the body has to get rid of its own cell but with pathogenic program and that are replicating rapidly.
Explain why there are differences between how the body responds to intracellular and extracellular pathogens.
Some pathogens proliferate within extracellular tissue spaces. Other proliferate within cells. Describe 4 examples of how the innate immune system deals with intracellular infections, and 4 examples how innate immune system deals with extracellular infections. 4 Marks.
12. In a cell, the difference in ion concentration between the intracellular and extracellular fluids results from a. active ion transport. b. passive diffusion of ions. c. bulk movements of intracellular and extracellular fluids. d. both active ion transport and passive diffusion of ions.
1. Explain how the body responds to dehydration? List 5 signs and symptoms. Responds by the thirst mechanism which causes you to drink water. Kidneys retain water due to the renin angiotensin aldosterone system. ADH is released which causes the kidneys to retain water.
How would an equal distribution of ions inside (intracellular) and outside (extracellular) the neuron affect the membrane potential? What is the advantage of an unequal distribution?
What are some differences between bacteria and viruses? How do certain pathogens develop drug resistance? What policies and programs should be enacted to protect us from drug resistant pathogens? .
Define the microbiome and explain differences in microbiome between the various parts of the body? Differences between microbiome between C-section birth and vaginal birth. How does the microbiome help us (list 5 ways)? Hurt us? (list 2 ways) List 2 important effectors known to change the microbiome of the infant. Are there any specific diseases associated with disruptions in the microbiome besides C diff?
• Identify the normal values for: extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, hydrostatic pressure, oncotic pressure, sodium, potassium, pH, HCO2, PaCO2, PaO2, O2 saturation. • Identify the two major fluid compartments. • Identify the sub-compartments of extracellular fluid. • Explain how to calculate how much fluid as patient has gained or lost based on weight in kilograms. • Identify the signs and symptoms of hypovolemia or fluid deficit. • Identify the signs and symptoms of hypervolemia or fluid...
5. Identify the sources of water and the avenues of water loss in the body as well as the approximate amount of gain and loss for each source and loss. 6. Explain the physiology as to how vasopressin is stimulated to be increased or decreased 7. Differentiate between electrolytes and nonelectrolytes. 8. Describe intracellular and extracellular water concentrations and identify which body compartment is included in intracellular compartment and extracellular compartment 9. Explain each of the following as it relates...
with the aid of diagrams, explain the key differences between zipper and trigger mechanisms of bacterial cell invasion. details of intracellular behavior not required.
Q14 Explain the differences between x-bar and R-charts. How can they be used together and why would it be important to use them together? [2 Marks]