Why are oxygen and glucose required in the hepatocyte, to ensure maximal metabolic flux through pyruvate...
Why are oxygen and glucose required in the hepatocyte, to ensure maximal metabolic flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase?
Homework Answers
Loss of extracellular matrix(ECM) attachment leads to metabolic impairments that limit cellular energy production.Characterizationof the metabolic alterations induced by ECM detachment revealed a dramatic decrease in uptake of glucose, glutamine , pyruvate and aconsequent decrease in flux through glycolysis,the pentose phosphate pathway, and the TCA cycle.However, flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase is disproportionally decreased,concomitant with increased expression of the pyruvate dehydrogenase inhibitatory kinase ,PDH kinase 4(PDK4), and increased carbon secretion.
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Why are oxygen and glucose required in the hepatocyte, to ensure
maximal metabolic flux through pyruvate...
Pyruvate kinase is subject to allosteric regulation. i) Describe the metabolic importance of regulating flux through...
Pyruvate kinase is subject to allosteric regulation. i) Describe the metabolic importance of regulating flux through the pyruvate kinase reaction. [5] ii) Explain the advantage of activating pyruvate kinase with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. [5]
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux...
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux through the citrate cycle when energy charge in the cell is lovw Oxaloacetate is required for mitochondrial shuttle systems, and therefore it makes sense to activate pyruvate carboxylase by ATP and inhibit it by malate. None of the answers are correct. The best way to balance the input of carbon into the citrate cycle is to regulate the production of citrate using vitamins like...
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Bifunctional Dehydrogenase Ethanol The diagram above represents processes needed for...
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Bifunctional Dehydrogenase Ethanol The diagram above represents processes needed for ethanol production in C. besci. For each numbered blank in the diagram, write the number and the molecule that the blank represents. Then answer the following questions. The glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenasse reaction in the previous question takes place in glycolysis. Write a concise and coherent explanation of why that reaction is needed to produce ethanol in C. bescii. Your answer must integrate the...
Many metabolic pathways were mapped using radiolabels in a pulse-chase experiment. A pulse of radiolabeled substrate...
Many metabolic pathways were mapped using radiolabels in a pulse-chase experiment. A pulse of radiolabeled substrate would be added to growing cells (so that it enters the metabolic pathway) followed by a chase of unlabeled substrate to push the label through the pathway and into the products. If a cell is fed 14C-glucose (14C is on carbon 4), where does the 14C end up a. in 3-phosphoglycerate? (indicate on the structure) b. in pyruvate? c. after the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?
1. If acetyl-CoA is not metabolized by the citrate cycle, its most likely metabolic fate is...
1. If acetyl-CoA is not metabolized by the citrate cycle, its most likely metabolic fate is a is used during glycolysis. b it is use to synthesize H2S. c is used to synthesize amino acids. d is used to synthesize fatty acids. e is transported across the cell membrane. 2. How is the pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme regulated? a product inhibition b pH and the protonation state of the active site c proteolysis d covalent modification e pH and enzyme conformation...
5. Bacterial species break down glucose to pyruvate using a variety of metabolic pathways. If acidic...
5. Bacterial species break down glucose to pyruvate using a variety of metabolic pathways. If acidic products are produced, pH indicators can show positive glucose fermentation by the presence of acid. However, some bacteria use metabolic pathways that produce acid products which then quickly change to neutral end-products such as the butylene glycol pathway, which produces neutral end products, including acetoin and 2,3- butanediol. Other organisms use the mixed acid pathway, which produces acidic end products such as lactic, acetic,...
The following metabolic pathway allows for complete aerobic oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O, starting...
The following metabolic pathway allows for complete aerobic oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O, starting with the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Determine the number of ATP generated from one glucose molecule by filling in the blanks: your answers should include the number of ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation, and the number of FADH2 and NADH (include NADPH) produced. For your calculation, assume that after electron transport driven ATP synthesis, 3ATP molecules are produced per NAD(P)H and 2 ATP...
3. In the lab, metabolic poisons can be used to study ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption....
3. In the lab, metabolic poisons can be used to study ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption. The action of several metabolic poisons is given in the table below: Poison Oligomycin | Carbon monoxide 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) Rotenone Action Binds and blocks the proton channel in ATP synthase | Inhibits cytochrome oxidase | Binds protons and moves them down their electrochemical gradient Blocks electron transfer at NADH dehydrogenase 4. Which metabolic poison described in question 3 will affect oxygen production in chloroplasts?...
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD...
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD is a genetic metabolic disease that causes pyruvate kinase to be absent or greatly reduced. Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme in the 10th and final step of glycolysis. This means that pyruvate is not created To ensure that she can continue producing ATP, her diet should be fortified with which of the following macromolecule types? 1. Carbohydrates like glucose 2. Lipids like lard and...
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C....
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
Choose the ONE BEST answer explaining how oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA levels are balanced to maximize flux through the citrate cycle when energy charge in the cell is lovw Oxaloacetate is required for mitochondrial shuttle systems, and therefore it makes sense to activate pyruvate carboxylase by ATP and inhibit it by malate. None of the answers are correct. The best way to balance the input of carbon into the citrate cycle is to regulate the production of citrate using vitamins like...
Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl-CoA Glycolysis Pyruvate Oxidation Bifunctional Dehydrogenase Ethanol The diagram above represents processes needed for ethanol production in C. besci. For each numbered blank in the diagram, write the number and the molecule that the blank represents. Then answer the following questions. The glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenasse reaction in the previous question takes place in glycolysis. Write a concise and coherent explanation of why that reaction is needed to produce ethanol in C. bescii. Your answer must integrate the...
Many metabolic pathways were mapped using radiolabels in a pulse-chase experiment. A pulse of radiolabeled substrate would be added to growing cells (so that it enters the metabolic pathway) followed by a chase of unlabeled substrate to push the label through the pathway and into the products. If a cell is fed 14C-glucose (14C is on carbon 4), where does the 14C end up a. in 3-phosphoglycerate? (indicate on the structure) b. in pyruvate? c. after the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?
5. Bacterial species break down glucose to pyruvate using a variety of metabolic pathways. If acidic products are produced, pH indicators can show positive glucose fermentation by the presence of acid. However, some bacteria use metabolic pathways that produce acid products which then quickly change to neutral end-products such as the butylene glycol pathway, which produces neutral end products, including acetoin and 2,3- butanediol. Other organisms use the mixed acid pathway, which produces acidic end products such as lactic, acetic,...
3. In the lab, metabolic poisons can be used to study ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption. The action of several metabolic poisons is given in the table below: Poison Oligomycin | Carbon monoxide 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) Rotenone Action Binds and blocks the proton channel in ATP synthase | Inhibits cytochrome oxidase | Binds protons and moves them down their electrochemical gradient Blocks electron transfer at NADH dehydrogenase 4. Which metabolic poison described in question 3 will affect oxygen production in chloroplasts?...
Subject 504V56 is a research animal (dog), she was diagnosed with Pyruvate kinase Deficiency (PKD). PKD is a genetic metabolic disease that causes pyruvate kinase to be absent or greatly reduced. Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme in the 10th and final step of glycolysis. This means that pyruvate is not created To ensure that she can continue producing ATP, her diet should be fortified with which of the following macromolecule types? 1. Carbohydrates like glucose 2. Lipids like lard and...
3 20 The conversion pyruvate to either ethanol or lactate occurs A. when there is an abundance of pyruvate but a deficiency of onygen B. when there is an abundance of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen C. when there is a deficiency of BOTH pyruvate and oxygen D. for the regeneration of NADH so that hydrolysis of ATP can continue to fuel the glycolysis pathway Explain how gluconeogenesis differs from gtycolysis 21 Gluconeogenesis is simply the reverse of all 10 steps...
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