Question

1. Macro algae, or seaweeds are classified in 3 large groups based on their photosynthetic pigment colors. Which two groups are more closely related to each other and to land plants?

1. green algae and brown algae
2. green algae and red algae
3. red algae and brown algae

2.The simplest and most evolutionarily ancient primary producers are:

4. diatoms
5. cyanobacteria (AKA bluegreen algae)
6. unicellular algae
7. plants
8. dinoflagellates

2. Ocean water is salty because there are ions (salts) dissolved in the water. What are the 2 most plentiful ions in seawater?

1. sodium and potassium
2. sodium and chloride
3. sodium and calcium
4. sulphate and potassium
5. magnesium and calcium

3. If you meet an animal on the shore and it is attached to the bottom, has no dorsal or ventral side and it gives you a microscopic, but maybe painful, sting with its tentacles, it’s probably _______.
   1. a polycheate worm
   2. a fish
   3. a chordate
   4. an echinoderm
   5. a cnidarian

4. In thermohaline circulation, what kind of water sinks toward the bottom?

1. warmer, lower salinity water
2. warmer, saltier water
3. colder, less salty water
4. colder, saltier water

5. What group of animals has a hydrovascular system that moves their hundreds of tube feet?
   1. mollusks
   2. round worms
   3. arthropods
   4. tube worms
   5. echinoderms

6. What causes tides?
   1. the gravitational pull of the sun on the moon
   2. the gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the ocean water
   3. the movement of the oceanic gyres
   4. the rotation of the Earth

7. Identification of characteristic

Echinoderms	Crustacean that lives in a snail and shell
Red algae	Structurally simple animal that filters water
Dinoflagellates	Have silica (glass) shells
Diatoms	Decopods (have 10 legs)
Crabs and Lobster	Have a muscular foot, eat with a radula
Mangrove	Mollusks with 2 shells
Sponges	Have stinging cells on their tentacles
Anemones and Medusae	Comples life cycle with multiple stage
Snails and Sea slugs	Microalgae that can cause red tide toxic blooms
Mussels and clam	Intertidal zone tree
Hermit and crab	Some appear trnslucent gold, others olive green
Brown algae	Spnky skin

8. What is the name of the surface current that carries warm water northward in the North Atlantic Ocean?
   1. the Labrador Current
   2. the California Current
   3. the Greenland Current
   4. the Gulf Stream

9. Which of the following is the correct way to write the formal name, Latin (binomial), of a living species?
   1. Species
   2. Genus species
   3. Genus Species
   4. genus species

10. What does a cladogram, or tree of life diagram, show?
    1. how many trees are in a location
    2. the history of mass extinctions
    3. living things in the order that they were discovered and named scientifically
    4. groups of living things and how closely each group is related to the others

11. At the most fundamental level, all life on Earth is related to each other and has a significant amount of genetic information in common.

1. False, all species are completely different from each other.
2. True

12. Based on genetic similarity, life falls in 3 big groups: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Which group are you in?
    1. Archaea
    2. Bacteria
    3. Eukarya
    4. none of the above

13. Based on genetic similarity, life falls in 3 big groups: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Which group are "bluegreen algae" in?
    1. none of these groups
    2. Eukarya
    3. Archaea
    4. Bacteria

14. Based on genetic similarity, life falls in 3 big groups: Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya. Which group are ctenophores in?
    1. Eukarya
    2. Bacteria
    3. none of those groups
    4. Archaea
15. Sulfur oxidizing bacteria live inside Riftia worms, and provide the worms with food. This is an example of ________.
    1. symbiosis
    2. competition
    3. predation
    4. facilitation

16. Of all the live in the sea, which ones collect light energy to made food by photosynthesis?
    1. plants, algae and some bacteria
    2. only bacteria
    3. plants and algae
    4. only algae

17. All microscopic, one celled living things do photosynthesis.
    1. No, many are heterotrophic (eat other things).
    2. No, they all are chemosynthetic (get energy from chemicals rather than sunlight).
    3. Yes, they are too small to eat other things.
18. What is primary productivity?
    1. the number of plankton in the ocean
    2. a measure of child labor in primary school
    3.              synthesis of organic compounds from sunlight by photosynthesis
    4. the quantity of seafood harvested from the ocean

19. Is photosynthesis in the sea important to animals on the land?
    1. Yes, because it makes the ocean interesting colors.
    2. Yes, photosynthesis in the sea produces about half of the oxygen in the atmosphere.
    3. No, photosynthesis in the ocean does not affect life on the land.
    4. No, photosynthesis in the sea is the way that energy gets into most life i the sea including those eaten by land animals.

20. What effect does coastal upwelling have on primary productivity?
    1. It brings warm water to the surface and decreases primary productivity.
    2. It brings nutrient-rich water to the surface and increases primary productivity.
    3. It causes seaweeds to get caught i na spiral and sink.

21. Does our local California coastline usually have coastal upwelling.
    1. No.
    2. Yes.

22. What is the intertidal zone?

1. the water that comes in with the tide
2. the part of the ocean "owned" by a coastal country
3. the part of the coast that is covered with water at high tide and not covered by water at low tide

23. Physical conditions in the intertidal zone are ________
    1. like the surface of the moon
    2. extremely variable as the tide comes in and out
    3. constant and unchanging as the tide goes in and out
    4. too harsh to support life

24. Which of the following are living things do people collect from the intertidal zone for food?
    1. mussels, oysters and other bivalve mollusks
    2. none of these things
    3. all of these things
    4. abalone and other gastropod mollusks
    5. crabs and other crustacean arthropods
    6. various seaweeds

24. Marine microbes are all the things that live in the ocean and are too small to see with your unaided eye. Of the total weight of life in the ocean (the biomass), about how much is marine microbes?
    1. 90%
    2. 50%
    3. 98%
    4. 10%
    5. <1%

Answer 1