Compare and contrast using RNAi technology to trigger gene knockdown in mice, C. elegans, and Drosophila. Emphasize how the biology of each species guides different design principles.
This is an essay question for molecular biology.
RNA Interference technology that triggers gene knockdown
RNA interference (RNAi) leading to the selective knockdown of gene
function is induced by introducing into cells either double
stranded RNA (dsRNA), or short interfering RNA (siRNA) fragments
into which dsRNA is cut. The siRNA triggers degradation of
homologous messenger RNA (mRNA). Widely used as a research tool in
the genetic model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila
melanogaster and mouse to investigate the function of individual
genes, RNAi has also been deployed in genome-wide, specific
gene-knockdown screens. Recent rapid progress in the application of
RNAi to mammalian cells, including neurons and muscle cells, offers
new approaches to drug target identification and validation.
Advances in targeted delivery of RNAi-inducing molecules has raised
the possibility of using RNAi directly as a therapy for a variety
of human genetic and other neural and neuromuscular disorders, the
application of RNAi to worm, fly and mouse models of such diseases
aimed at understanding their pathophysiology.
RNA Interference technology that triggers C. elegans
RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful research tool that has
enabled molecular insights into gene activity, pathway analysis,
partial loss-of-function phenotypes, and large-scale genomic
discovery of gene function. While RNAi works extremely well in the
non-parasitic nematode C. elegans, it is also especially useful in
organisms that lack facile genetic analysis. Extensive genetic
analysis of the mechanisms, delivery and regulation of RNAi in C.
elegans has provided mechanistic and phenomenological insights into
why RNAi is so effective in this species. These insights are useful
for the testing and development of RNAi in other nematodes,
including parasitic nematodes where more effective RNAi would be
extremely useful. Here, we review the current advances in C.
elegans for RNA delivery methods, regulation of cell autonomous and
systemic RNAi phenomena, and implications of enhanced RNAi mutants,
a focus on mechanism and cross-species application, provide new
perspectives for optimizing RNAi in other species.
RNA Inteference technology that triggers Drosophila
RNA interference (RNAi), a cellular mechanism that uses RNA-guided
degradation of messenger RNA transcripts, has had an important
impact on identifying and characterizing gene function. First
discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans, RNAi can be used to silence
the expression of genes through introduction of exogenous
double-stranded RNA into cells. In Drosophila, RNAi has been
applied in cultured cells or in vivo to perturb the function of
single genes or to systematically probe gene function on a
genome-wide scale. In this review, we will describe the use of RNAi
to study gene function in Drosophila with a particular focus on
high-throughput screening methods applied in cultured cells. We
will discuss available reagent libraries and cell lines,
methodological approaches for cell-based assays, and computational
methods for the analysis of high-throughput screens, the generation
and use of genome-scale RNAi libraries for tissue-specific
knockdown analysis in vivo and the differences similarities with
the use of genome-engineering methods such as CRISPR/Cas9 for
functional analysis.
Compare and contrast using RNAi technology to trigger gene knockdown in mice, C. elegans, and Drosophila....
Compare and contrast using RNAi technology to trigger gene knockdown in Mice, C. elegans and Drosophila. Emphasize how the biology of each species guides different design principles.
Question 2: The RNA interference (RNAi) pathway was discovered in C. elegans in 1993 and hs since rapidly towards therapeutic applications, including the first approved RNAi therapeutic in August of 2018. Use your u of RNAi and its therapeutic applications to answer the questions below. (A) Compare and contrast the short interfering RNA (siRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) processes. In what ways are these two RNAi pathways similar? In what ways do they differ? (8 points) (B) Suppose you work for...
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