What are promoters? Why is a strong and regulated bacteria lpromoter required for protein expression?
What are promoters? Why is a strong and regulated bacteria lpromoter required for protein expression?
Homework Answers
A promoter is a sequence of DNA to which proteins bind that initiate transcription of a single mRNA from the DNA downstream of it. This mRNA may encode one or more genes, or no genes at all, in the case of non-coding RNAs. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
A promoter is considered weak or strong based on the affinity for RNA polymerase and the sigma factor. This means the consensus sequence of promoter should match that of the RNA polymerase. A strong promoter produces lots of gene product which results in a significant metabolic load.
Genes regulated by strong promoters yield more mRNA and therefore more product protein than genes regulated by weak promoters. This is useful because some proteins are required in abundance while others are required only in low quantities. Economy is a significant driving force in evolution
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What are promoters? Why is a strong and regulated bacteria
lpromoter required for protein expression?
if expression of a gene is regulated by stopping a repressor protein from binding to an...
if expression of a gene is regulated by stopping a repressor protein from binding to an operator, transcription could also be described as affected by 01. Negative control 2. Induction 3. Positive control 1. Repression
To successfully express a protein from a eukaryotic expression vector, the following is NOT required. a)...
To successfully express a protein from a eukaryotic expression vector, the following is NOT required. a) Selectable marker b) Ribosome binding site c) Strong eukaryotic promoter d) Termination sequence
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell did not have any...
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL4 protein and why?
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL80 protein and why?
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL3 protein and why?
Understanding regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. The images below depict how the expression of a gene required to break down...
1. One way that gene expression is regulated is in the remodeling of chromatin. Describe the...
1. One way that gene expression is regulated is in the
remodeling of chromatin. Describe the three mechanisms of changes
in the structure of the nucleosome as well as the effect of
acetylation and methylation on gene expression?
2. Describe the impact of deletion, duplication, inversion and
translocation on chromosome structure and gene expression of those
chromosomes?
3. Explain how ATP is produced in respiration?
Please help with this picture below as well! It’s a gram
positive and negative bacteria.
What are four ways in which gene expression is regulated? eukaryotes
What are four ways in which gene expression is regulated? eukaryotes
Central Dogma and the Spider Silk Goats Introducing DNA Sequences called Promoters So why is the...
Central Dogma and the Spider Silk Goats Introducing DNA Sequences called Promoters So why is the spider sillk protein ONLY made in A PROMOTER is a non-coding DNA the mammary tissues ofsequence that controls the goat?!?!?! when and where a gene is turned on" (transcribed)! We know enough about promoters that we can engineer where a particular gene is expressed (switched on) and its protein is made. Promoter Transcription unit 3' DNA Start point RNA polymerase We were unable to...
4. Answer the following concerning promoters and transcription. (15 points) a. What role do promoters play...
4. Answer the following concerning promoters and transcription. (15 points) a. What role do promoters play in transcription? b. What is the common structure of a bacterial promoter with respect to its consensus sequences? c. What is the role of the sigma subunit for bacterial RNA polymerase as it relates to promoters? d. Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than prokaryotic promoters. Explain why e. Explain what would happen to a eukaryotic promoter if it were associated with acetylated
why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent transcription of a particular enzyme unless it’s...
why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent
transcription of a particular enzyme unless it’s substrate is
present in the enviroment
Pull It Together Section: 0702 Pull It Together Chapter 7 Section: 0703 0.74 point Advantage to preventing transcription Why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent transcription of a particular enzyme unless its substrate is present in the environment? O The steps involved in synthesizing proteins such as enzymes require a considerable amount of energy. O Transcription...
51. E. coli is being used to study various agents that inhibit protein synthesis. One agent binds...
51. E. coli is being used to study various agents that inhibit protein synthesis. One agent binds the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit and prevents peptide bond formation. No new proteins are produced. To which antibiotic is this agent likely related? a. chloramphenicol b. streptomycin c. puromycin d. tetracycline e. erythromycin We were unable to transcribe this image57. A protein that affects the expression of many different genes is known as a L 74. One benefit of operons in...
Where does the Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin come from and how is its expression regulated? Should the...
Where does the Corynebacterium diphtheria toxin come from and how is its expression regulated? Should the expression be on or off in a host and why?
if expression of a gene is regulated by stopping a repressor protein from binding to an operator, transcription could also be described as affected by 01. Negative control 2. Induction 3. Positive control 1. Repression
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL4 protein and why?
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL80 protein and why?
What would happen to the expression of this gene if this cell
did not have any GAL3 protein and why?
Understanding regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. The images below depict how the expression of a gene required to break down...
1. One way that gene expression is regulated is in the
remodeling of chromatin. Describe the three mechanisms of changes
in the structure of the nucleosome as well as the effect of
acetylation and methylation on gene expression?
2. Describe the impact of deletion, duplication, inversion and
translocation on chromosome structure and gene expression of those
chromosomes?
3. Explain how ATP is produced in respiration?
Please help with this picture below as well! It’s a gram
positive and negative bacteria.
Central Dogma and the Spider Silk Goats Introducing DNA Sequences called Promoters So why is the spider sillk protein ONLY made in A PROMOTER is a non-coding DNA the mammary tissues ofsequence that controls the goat?!?!?! when and where a gene is turned on" (transcribed)! We know enough about promoters that we can engineer where a particular gene is expressed (switched on) and its protein is made. Promoter Transcription unit 3' DNA Start point RNA polymerase We were unable to...
4. Answer the following concerning promoters and transcription. (15 points) a. What role do promoters play in transcription? b. What is the common structure of a bacterial promoter with respect to its consensus sequences? c. What is the role of the sigma subunit for bacterial RNA polymerase as it relates to promoters? d. Eukaryotic promoters are more variable than prokaryotic promoters. Explain why e. Explain what would happen to a eukaryotic promoter if it were associated with acetylated
why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent
transcription of a particular enzyme unless it’s substrate is
present in the enviroment
Pull It Together Section: 0702 Pull It Together Chapter 7 Section: 0703 0.74 point Advantage to preventing transcription Why might it be advantageous for bacteria to prevent transcription of a particular enzyme unless its substrate is present in the environment? O The steps involved in synthesizing proteins such as enzymes require a considerable amount of energy. O Transcription...
51. E. coli is being used to study various agents that inhibit protein synthesis. One agent binds the 23S rRNA of the 50S subunit and prevents peptide bond formation. No new proteins are produced. To which antibiotic is this agent likely related? a. chloramphenicol b. streptomycin c. puromycin d. tetracycline e. erythromycin We were unable to transcribe this image57. A protein that affects the expression of many different genes is known as a L 74. One benefit of operons in...
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