What is the relationship of the ABC-transporter family of molecules to resistance of bacteria to antibiotics...
What is the relationship of the ABC-transporter family of molecules to resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and resistance of tumor cells to anti-cancer drugs?
Homework Answers
ABC transporters constitute a large family of ATP dependent transporters that pump a wide range of molecules, including ions, sugars,and amino acids.
In bacteria and cancer cells these transporters pump antibiotics and anti-cancer drugs against concentration gradient. In bacteria, the transporters pump out the antibiotics from cells thus making them resistant to antibiotics. Similarly in cancer cells, these transporters pump out anti-cancer drugs(hydrophobic) against their concentration gradient, and in addition, also seem to inhibit their influx, thus making tumor cells resistant to anti-cancer drugs. These transporters (e.g MDR1) are present in very low number in normal cells but get upregulated in cancer cells.
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What is the relationship of the ABC-transporter family of
molecules to resistance of bacteria to antibiotics...
ABC-type ATPases that inhibit the effectiveness of antitumor drugs by transporting the drugs out of tumor...
ABC-type ATPases that inhibit the effectiveness of antitumor drugs by transporting the drugs out of tumor cells are known as Select one: O a. the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). b. multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters. O c.porins. O d. None of these answers; no such transporter has been identified in eukaryotes. O e. Na+-drug antiporters.
Case study: TB Bacteria are capable of developing resistance to antibiotics because they can divide rapidly....
Case study: TB Bacteria are capable of developing resistance to antibiotics because they can divide rapidly. Physicians may prescribe a combination of more than one antibiotic to combat antibiotic resistance. For example, patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis are given a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin for 6 months However, antibiotic resistant strains still emerge for the following reasons: when patients do not complete their full course of treatment; when health-care providers prescribe the wrong treatment,...
5. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the major antibiotics. Where they act? Name two different types of antibiotics...
5. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the major antibiotics. Where they act? Name two different types of antibiotics which fall in this category. Explain where they resemble and where they differ. 6. Penicillin and Tetracycline; which one is narrow spectrum and which one is broad spectrum and why-explain. 7. There are two types of antibiotics which act on membrane. Name one member of each type. Why one antibiotics of this group exclusive works on fungus/protists and not on bacteria. 8. Many antibiotics...
Question 1: Antibiotics are effective against a population of bacteria. However, you observe a new resistance...
Question 1: Antibiotics are effective against a population of bacteria. However, you observe a new resistance allele arises in the bacteria population. You observe the fitness of the mutant is 1% higher than the wild type and the population size (N) of the bacteria is 106. A) How long does it take for the resistance allele to reach fixation? Hint: The fixation time is defined as the time from a single copy of the resistance allele (1/N) to near fixation...
Explain the process by which Staphylococcus bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. Explain the long term effects...
Explain the process by which Staphylococcus bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics. Explain the long term effects of MRSA infection, and its burden on the general population.
What is the relationship between white blood cells & antibiotics for infections?
What is the relationship between white blood cells & antibiotics for infections?
help please HULUH Dallerld. 8. Many antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis. They should be narrow or broad...
help please
HULUH Dallerld. 8. Many antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis. They should be narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics and why? Name 3 of them and explain how/where they work (site of action). 9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what it is used for? Explain the process. 11. Why animal viruses have envelope, explain with example. 12. What is the basic difference between infection by phage and an animal virus, explain? 13....
Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. To understand what can be treated, a scientist has collected...
Bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. To understand what can be treated, a scientist has collected data on values that inhibit the growth of a certain bacteria. It is known that the amount of drug needed, ?, has a Normal distribution with a mean of 5 mg and a standard deviation of 1.1 mg. a) What is the probability ? is greater than 5.5 mg? b) Given that the amount of drug is between 5 mg and 6 mg, what...
How does antibiotic resistance spread so rapidly through bacteria populations? a. The antibiotics speed up the...
How does antibiotic resistance spread so rapidly through bacteria populations? a. The antibiotics speed up the reproduction of those individuals who have the resistance alleles allowing them to b. Individuals with the resistance-alleles are stronger than those without and their strength allows them to push c. The resistance alleles are passed from individual to individual via horizontal gene transfer allowing adding the d. The bacteria exposed to the antibiotic need to become resistant so they all do in order to...
9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what...
9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what it is used for? Explain the process. 11. Why animal viruses have envelope, explain with example. 12. What is the basic difference between infection by phage and an animal virus, explain? 13. Can we culture virus like we do with bacteria in media? What are the ways virus is cultured-explain? 14. Why it is difficult to design drugs for virus? Name two anti-virus drugs...
ABC-type ATPases that inhibit the effectiveness of antitumor drugs by transporting the drugs out of tumor cells are known as Select one: O a. the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). b. multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters. O c.porins. O d. None of these answers; no such transporter has been identified in eukaryotes. O e. Na+-drug antiporters.
Case study: TB Bacteria are capable of developing resistance to antibiotics because they can divide rapidly. Physicians may prescribe a combination of more than one antibiotic to combat antibiotic resistance. For example, patients diagnosed with active tuberculosis are given a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and either ethambutol or streptomycin for 6 months However, antibiotic resistant strains still emerge for the following reasons: when patients do not complete their full course of treatment; when health-care providers prescribe the wrong treatment,...
5. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the major antibiotics. Where they act? Name two different types of antibiotics which fall in this category. Explain where they resemble and where they differ. 6. Penicillin and Tetracycline; which one is narrow spectrum and which one is broad spectrum and why-explain. 7. There are two types of antibiotics which act on membrane. Name one member of each type. Why one antibiotics of this group exclusive works on fungus/protists and not on bacteria. 8. Many antibiotics...
Question 1: Antibiotics are effective against a population of bacteria. However, you observe a new resistance allele arises in the bacteria population. You observe the fitness of the mutant is 1% higher than the wild type and the population size (N) of the bacteria is 106. A) How long does it take for the resistance allele to reach fixation? Hint: The fixation time is defined as the time from a single copy of the resistance allele (1/N) to near fixation...
help please
HULUH Dallerld. 8. Many antibiotics inhibit protein synthesis. They should be narrow or broad spectrum antibiotics and why? Name 3 of them and explain how/where they work (site of action). 9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what it is used for? Explain the process. 11. Why animal viruses have envelope, explain with example. 12. What is the basic difference between infection by phage and an animal virus, explain? 13....
9. Usually, how many ways bacteria becomes drug resistance-explain. 10. What is Kirby-Bauer test and what it is used for? Explain the process. 11. Why animal viruses have envelope, explain with example. 12. What is the basic difference between infection by phage and an animal virus, explain? 13. Can we culture virus like we do with bacteria in media? What are the ways virus is cultured-explain? 14. Why it is difficult to design drugs for virus? Name two anti-virus drugs...
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